《环境昆虫学报》

作者	单位
刘佳霖，姬聪慧，龙小飞，罗文华，任勤，陈恒，高丽娇，曹兰，王瑞生	1. 重庆市畜牧科学院，重庆 402460；2. 重庆市武隆区畜牧技术推广站，重庆 408500

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中文摘要:

为探索中华蜜蜂Apis cerana cerana Fabricius种用雄蜂的高效培育方法，本研究利用实验室和蜂群条件培育中华蜜蜂性成熟雄蜂，比较各实验组雄蜂的体重、可采集精液比例及精子活力，利用转录组测序技术解析实验室饲养对雄蜂基因表达的影响。结果表明，与蜂群饲养组相比，实验室饲养组中华蜜蜂性成熟雄蜂的精子活力无显著差异，但雄蜂的体重和可采集精液比例显著降低。转录组测序共筛选获得实验室饲养组雄蜂的差异表达基因602个，其中上调表达186个，下调表达416个。上调的差异表达基因显著富集于蛋白质结合、核质、淘汰的核质组分和胞内细胞器等19个GO功能分类；下调的差异表达基因显著富集于ATP合成耦合质子转运、线粒体内膜、呼吸体和碳水化合物代谢过程等22个GO功能分类，以及氧化磷酸化、碳代谢、脂肪酸降解和三羧酸循环等6条KEGG通路。表明实验室饲养可作为培育中华蜜蜂种用雄蜂的备选方法进行深入研究。实验室饲养可能通过抑制机体能量代谢和干扰线粒体功能影响雄蜂的生长和精子发生。研究结果为进一步研发中华蜜蜂种用雄蜂的工厂化培育技术提供了科学参考，有助于加速我国本土蜜蜂的良种选育进程。

英文摘要:

To develop efficient rearing methods for Apis cerana cerana Fabricius drones, the drones were reared from emergence to sexual maturity under laboratory and colony conditions. The body weight, semen collection ratio, and sperm viability of drones were evaluated. Transcriptome sequencing was utilized to investigate the effects of laboratory rearing on the gene expression of drones. There was no significant difference in the sperm viability of sexually mature drones between the laboratory rearing and colony rearing groups. However, laboratory rearing significantly decreased the body weight and semen collection ratio of drones. Compared to the colony rearing groups, transcriptome sequencing identified a total of 602 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the laboratory rearing groups, with 186 DEGs up-regulated and 416 DEGs down-regulated. The up-regulated DEGs were significantly enriched in 19 gene ontology (GO) terms, such as protein binding, nucleoplasm, obsolete nucleoplasm part, and intracellular organelle. The down-regulated DEGs were significantly enriched in 22 GO terms, including ATP synthesis coupled proton transport, mitochondrial inner membrane, respirasome, and carbohydrate metabolic process, as well as 6 Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathways including oxidative phosphorylation, carbon metabolism, fatty acid degradation, and tricarboxylic acid cycle. In conclusion, laboratory rearing could serve as an alternative method for rearing sexually mature drones to support the breeding of A. cerana cerana. Laboratory rearing affected the growth and spermatogenesis of drones, possibly by inhibiting energy metabolism and mitochondrial function. Our results provided valuable insights for developing efficient rearing techniques for A. cerana cerana drones and contributed to accelerating the breeding process of native honey bees.

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