《环境昆虫学报》

作者	单位
刘杰，李明涛，陈顺安，姚俊，石雷，陈晓鸣	中国林业科学研究院高原林业研究所，国家林业局资源昆虫培育与利用重点实验室, 昆明 650224

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中文摘要:

挥发物在蝴蝶种内识别、交配繁衍等过程中作用关键。本文旨在研究美凤蝶Papilio memnon成虫虫体挥发物的变化规律，为下一步探索蝴蝶虫体挥发物作为嗅觉信号的组成成分在求偶过程中的作用提供基础资料。应用固相微萃取方法分别收集美凤蝶雌雄成虫的虫体挥发物，用GC-MS（气相色谱-质谱）技术对挥发物进行分析和比较。结果显示，羽化后的雌雄蝶可检测到烷烃类、烯烃类、炔烃类、芳香类、醇类、醛类、酯类、酸类等12类挥发物，其中芳香类、酯类、酸类在羽化后均有出现。交配前，雌雄蝶挥发物分别有14种和16种，其中14种为共有，而以反-2-辛烯醛（雌：59.88%，雄：77.99%）和2-甲基烯丙醇（雌：14.47%，雄：8.42%）相对含量较高。交配时，雌雄蝶挥发物分别增加到24种和21种，其中20种为共有，优势挥发物除反-2-辛烯醛（雌：53.75%，雄：39.62%）和2-甲基烯丙醇（雌：9.36%，雄：11.04%）外，还包括1-二十醇（雌：10.46%，雄：21.13%）。另外，雌蝶交配时有4种特有挥发物（1-茚酮、异辛酸、1-苯基-1-丙炔、紫苏醛），而雄蝶仅1种（β-石竹烯）。然而，一旦交配后，以上优势挥发物与交配时雌雄蝶特有挥发物均未检测到。推测2-甲基烯丙醇、反-2-辛烯醛和1-二十醇可能在美凤蝶种内识别过程中发挥作用，而1-茚酮、异辛酸、1-苯基-1-丙炔、紫苏醛和β-石竹烯则可能在求偶交配期间具有增强雌雄个体识别或相互吸引等作用。

英文摘要:

Compounds acts as an information carrier in insects in interspecific recognition as well as reproduction of butterfly. We analyzed the volatile compounds and their variation characteristics from the eclosion adults of male and female of P. memnon at different times, and summarized the change rules. The aims of paper were to study of the change rule of main volatile components from the adults of P. memnon, our results could provide basis for further research of the role of volatiles in the courtship process as components of olfactory signals. Volatiles of male and female adults of P. memnon were collected by SPEM method respectively, and then identified and compared with GC-MS technology. The results showed that 12 kinds of volatile compounds including alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatic, alcohols, aldehydes, esters and acids, were detected after the eclosion of the adults, among which 3 kinds chemicals (aromatic, esters, acids) were found after the eclosion. There were 14 kinds and 16 kinds volatiles were detected before mating in females and males butterflies, respectively, and 14 kinds of the same volatiles, the relative contents of (E)-2-octenal (females 59.88%, males 77.99%) with methacryl alcohol (females 14.47%, males 8.42%) were higher. There were 24 kinds and 21 kinds volatiles were detected before mating during the mating period in females and males butterflies, respectively, and 20 kinds of the same volatiles. There were 3 kinds of advanced volatile compounds during the mating period (E)-2-octenal (females 53.75%, males 39.62%), methacryl alcohol (females 9.36%, males 11.04%), 1-eicosanol (females 10.46%, males 21.13%). 4 kinds of unique volatile compounds (1-indanone, 2-ethylcaproic acid, phenylpropyne, perillaldehyde) of adult females, 1 kind of unique volatile compounds (β-caryophyllene) to adult males. However, neither the advanced volatile compounds nor the unique volatile compounds were detected after mating. We concluded that methacryl alcohol, (2e)-2-octenal, 1-eicosanol were used for conspecific identification of P. memnon, and the unique volatile compounds of 1-indanone, 2-ethylcaproic acid, phenylpropyne, perillaldehyde and β-caryophyllene might play an important role in enhance male and female individual recognition or mutual attraction during mating.

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