《环境昆虫学报》

为了探索红火蚁Solenopsis invicta Buren入侵对南方典型旱作生态系统-香蕉种植园节肢动物群落的生态学效应，本文采用定点系统调查、采样的方法，收集、记录了红火蚁严重发生的高、中和低杂草覆盖度香蕉园香蕉植株上、杂草上、地表节肢动物种类、个体数量，并比较了节肢动物群落动态变化、多样性主要参数与红火蚁未发生区之间的差异。研究结果表明在红火蚁入侵区，高、中覆盖度类型区域香蕉植株上物种数有所增加，低覆盖类型物种数减少；高覆盖度类型区域香蕉植株上节肢动物个体总数增加，而中、低覆盖度类型均呈下降趋势，其中低覆盖度下降幅最大，为38.01%。与无红火蚁区域相比，红火蚁入侵区高、中和低杂草覆盖度区域香蕉植株上节肢动物群落特征参数变化不大。与对照区域相比，入侵区高、中、低杂草覆盖度区域杂草上节肢动物群落物种数降幅均大于30%，个体总数降幅均大于50%，丰富度指数降低了20%，而优势度指数分别增加了25%、37.5%、62.5%；入侵区地表节肢动物群落物种数降幅均近30%，个体总数降幅均在34%以上，丰富度指数降低了20%，高、中、低覆盖度区域地表节肢动物群落优势度指数分别上升了46.15%、61.54%、38.46%。红火蚁入侵对高、中、低杂草覆盖度香蕉园香蕉植株上节肢动物群落的负面影响较小，而对杂草和地表节肢动物群落有显著负面影响，改变了这些地方节肢动物群落的特征和结构。

英文摘要:

In order to explain the ecological effect of the red imported fire ant Solenopsis invicta Buren invasion on the arthropod communities at southern China typical ecosystem-banana plantations, the methods of systematic investigation and sampling were used to collect and record the arthropod species and quantity on the banana plants, weeds and ground surface at the fire ant invading and non-invading banana plantations with high, medium and low coverages of weeds in this paper. Based on the above data, the dynamic changes and difference of arthropod communities and main parameters of arthropod diversity between the invaded and non-invaded plantations were compared. The results showed that, at the fire ant infestation area, the number of arthropod species on banana plants increased to some extent at the banana plantations with high and medium weed coverage, and that decreased at banana plantations with low weed coverage; at the plantations with high weed coverage, the total number of arthropod individual on banana plants increased, while those at the plantations with medium and low weed coverage showed a downward trend, among which the maximum decrease was 38.01% at the low weed coverage area. Compared with the control, at the fire ants infestation area, the parameters of arthropod community on banana plants at the plantations with high, medium and low weed coverage changed little. With the non-invasion area of the fire ants, at the fire ant invaded area the number of arthropod species on weeds at the plantations with high, medium and low weed coverage all declined more than 30%, and the total number of arthropod individuals all declined more than 50%, and richness index decreased by 20%, while the dominance index increased by 25%, 37.5%, and 62.5%, respectively. At the fire ant invasion area, the number of arthropod species on the ground surface all fell nearly 30%, and the total number of individuals all declined more than 34%, and richness index decreased by 20%, and dominance index increased by 46.15%, 61.54%, and 38.46%, respectively at the plantaions with high, medium and low weed coverage. At the banana plantations with high, medium and low weed coverage, the negative effect of fire ant invasion on arthropod communities of the banana plants was slight, but significant on the weeds and ground. Due to fire ant invasion, the characteristics and structure of the arthropod community on the weeds and ground were changed obviously.

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