《环境昆虫学报》

采用管测药膜法测定了16种农田常用的杀虫剂、杀菌剂和除草剂对玉米螟赤眼蜂Trichogramma ostriniae和丽蚜小蜂Encarsia formosa成蜂的急性毒性；参考各药剂的田间推荐剂量，对玉米螟赤眼蜂进行了安全性评价并比较了两种寄生蜂对不同农药的敏感性差异。结果表明：在供试杀虫剂中，毒死蜱、丁硫克百威、辛硫磷、噻虫嗪和呋虫胺对玉米螟赤眼蜂为极高风险性药剂；吡虫啉、高效氯氟氰菊酯和阿维菌素为高风险性药剂；氯虫苯甲酰胺为中等风险性药剂；哒螨灵和吡蚜酮为低风险性药剂。杀菌剂苯醚甲环唑为高风险性药剂。除草剂百草枯和2,4-D丁酯为极高风险性药剂，二甲戊灵和乙草胺为中等风险性药剂。16种药剂对玉米螟赤眼蜂和丽蚜小蜂的毒性比较结果表明，氯虫苯甲酰胺、2,4-D丁酯、吡虫啉、百草枯、苯醚甲环唑、毒死蜱、噻虫嗪和乙草胺对玉米螟赤眼蜂的毒性高于对丽蚜小蜂的毒性；而丁硫克百威、阿维菌素、呋虫胺、吡蚜酮、辛硫磷、高效氯氟氰菊酯、二甲戊灵和哒螨灵对丽蚜小蜂的毒性高于对玉米螟赤眼蜂的毒性，表明两种寄生蜂对相同药剂的敏感性不同。

英文摘要:

The toxicities of 16 pesticides on natural enemies Trichogramma ostriniae and Encarsia formosa were determined by using dry film residue method, and the safeties were also evaluated according to the recommend use dose of pesticides in field And the sensitivity difference of 2 kinds of parasitic wasps to different pesticides was also comparedThe results showed that among the tested insecticides,chlopyrifos, carbosulfan, phoxim, thiamethoxam and dinotefuran were extremely high ecological risk pesticides on T ostriniae As to imidacloprid, iambda-cyhalothrin and abamectin, they were high ecological risk pesticides Chlorantraniliprole was medium ecological risk pesticide Pyridaben and pymetrozine were low ecological risk pesticides Difenoconazole was high risk fungicide Among the results of seltcted herbicides, paraquat and 2，4-D butylate were extremely high ecological risk pesticides though pendimethalin and acetochlor were medium ecological risk pesticides The toxicity comparison of 16 pesticides on T ostriniae and E formosa showed that chlorantraniliprole, 2,4-D butylester, imidacloprid, paraquat, difenoconazole, chlorpyrifos, thiamethoxam and acetochlor had higher toxicity on T ostriniae than that on E formosa And the toxicity of carbosulfan, abamectin, dinotefuran, pymetrozine, phoxim, lambda-cyhalothrin, pendimethalin and pyridaben were higher on E formosa than that on T ostriniae Therefore, the selectivity of pesticides to different kinds of parasitic wasp are different

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