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| RNA农药在害虫防治领域的研究进展 |
| Research progress of RNA pesticides in the field of pest control |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 害虫防治 dsRNA 纳米颗粒 绿色防控 RNAi RNA农药 |
| 英文关键词:Pest control dsRNA nanoparticles green prevention and control RNAi RNA pesticides |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划（2024YFD1400402）；2026年度河南省农业科学院自主创新项目（2026ZC58）；河南省重大科技专项 （251100110300）；河南省自然科学基金（252300421424）；国家小麦产业体系地下虫害防控岗位（CARS-03） |
| Author Name | Affiliation | | SHI Bao-Zheng, ZHANG Fu-Li, JIANG Yue-Li, GONG Zhong-Jun, LI Lin-Hong, MIAO Jin, YAN Feng-Ming, LI Tong | 1. Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Control in Henan Province, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Crops in the South of North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450002, China
2. Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan 466001
3. Modern Agricultural Industry Research Institute of Zhoukou National Agricultural High-tech Zone, Zhoukou 477150, Henan Province, China
4. College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Chemical Ecology Research Group, Zhengzhou 450002, China |
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| 中文摘要: |
| RNA农药被誉为“第三次农药革命”，基于RNAi（RNA interference，RNAi）技术的RNA农药在害虫防治领域具有广阔的应用前景。目前，利用RNA农药防控害虫的相关研究，主要聚焦于体外化学合成双链RNA（Double stranded RNA，dsRNA）或微小RNA（microRNA，miRNA）介导的基因沉默、转基因作物介导的寄主诱导基因沉默（Host induced gene silencing，HIGS）、微生物诱导的基因沉默（Microbe-induced gene silencing，MIGS）及病毒诱导的基因沉默（Virus-induced gene silencing，VIGS）等技术路径。在昆虫RNAi防治体系中，dsRNA与miRNA的递送系统优化及稳定性提升是亟待突破的核心限制因素。针对这一技术瓶颈，以纳米材料为载体，与dsRNA、miRNA共组装构建复合递送体系的策略，近年来备受学界与产业界的广泛关注。该纳米复合递送体系兼具生物安全性与递送高效性，不仅能有效保护核酸分子免受环境核酸酶降解，还可显著增强dsRNA和miRNA的RNAi效率，在害虫绿色防治领域展现出巨大的应用潜力。本文系统总结了RNAi技术在害虫防治领域的研究进展与应用现状，旨在为RNA农药的应用研究与产业化推广提供参考。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Hailed as the“Third Agricultural Pesticide Revolution”, RNA pesticides, a category of nucleic acid pesticides based on RNA interference (RNAi), hold broad application prospects in the field of pest control. At present, relevant research on pest management using RNA pesticides mainly focuses on several technical approaches, including gene silencing mediated by chemically synthesized double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) or microRNA (miRNA) in vitro, host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) mediated by transgenic crops, microbe-induced gene silencing (MIGS), and virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS). In the insect RNAi-based pest control system, the optimization of delivery systems and improvement of stability for dsRNA and miRNA remain core bottlenecks to be addressed. To tackle this technical challenge, the strategy of constructing composite delivery systems via the co-assembly of nanomaterials as carriers with dsRNA and miRNA has attracted extensive attention from both academic and industrial communities in recent years. This nanocomposite delivery system exhibits both biosecurity and high delivery efficiency: it can not only effectively protect nucleic acid molecules from degradation by environmental nucleases, but also significantly enhance the RNAi knockdown efficiency of dsRNA and miRNA, thus showing great application potential in the field of green pest control. This paper systematically summarizes the research progress and application status of RNA interference technology in pest control, aiming to provide a reference for the applied research and industrialization of RNA pesticides. |
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