《环境昆虫学报》

【目的】桑蟥聚瘤姬蜂Iseropus kuwanae是桑园优势寄生蜂，但其寄生行为尚无详尽报道。本研究以大蜡螟Galleria mellonella为寄主，揭示桑蟥聚瘤姬蜂的寄生行为规律。【方法】在寄生盒中观察桑蟥聚瘤姬蜂的寄生行为，并记录雌蜂寄生行为各过程的行为特征及时间分配，通过多样本秩和检验、多重比较和双变量相关性分析解析各行为变量之间的差异及相关性。【结果】桑蟥聚瘤姬蜂寄生行为主要包括两个阶段：产卵前期和产卵阶段。产卵前期包括寄主定位、检查、刺扎、等待等行为过程，产卵阶段包括检查、刺扎、产卵等过程。在产卵前期中，检查和刺扎出现的次数最多，且检查次数与刺扎次数呈极显著相关。桑蟥聚瘤姬蜂在同一寄主上可多次产卵，产卵数为5~24粒。产卵数与产卵时间显著相关，当产卵时间未超过25 min时，随产卵时间的增加，产卵量也随之增加，但当产卵时间超过25 min后，产卵量急剧减少。【结论】桑蟥聚瘤姬蜂寄生行为中各行为过程耗费时间依次为：产卵、等待、寄主定位、检查、刺扎。产卵耗时最长，占总时间的比例最大（36.8%），产卵行为各变量间存在显著相关性。

英文摘要:

【Aim】Iseropus kuwanae is a dominant parasitic wasp in mulberry fields, but its parasitization behavior has not been thoroughly documented. Using Galleria mellonella as the host, this study aimed to provide a detailed characterization of the parasitization behavior of I. kuwanae. 【Methods】The parasitization process of I. kuwanae was observed in the parasitic box, and the behavior characteristics and time allocation of female wasps during parasitism were recorded. Finally, the differences and correlations among the behavioral variables were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis rank-sum test, multiple comparisons, and bivariate correlation analysis. 【Results】The parasitism behavior of I. kuwanae mainly included two main stages: pre-oviposition stage and ovipositing stage. The pre-oviposition stage included host locating, checking, stinging, and waiting. The ovipositing stage included checking, stinging and oviposition. In the pre-oviposition stage, checking and stinging occurred most frequently, and the number of checking events was significantly correlated with the number of stinging events. Female I. kuwanae oviposited on the same host more than once, and the number of eggs laid ranged from 5 to 24. The number of eggs laid was significantly correlated with the oviposition duration. When the oviposition duration did not exceed 25 minutes, the number of eggs laid increased with longer oviposition duration, but after the oviposition duration exceeded 25 minutes, the number of eggs laid decreased sharply. 【Conclusion】The time allocated to different behavioral processes during parasitism by I. kuwanae decreased in the following order: oviposition, waiting, host locating, checking, and stinging. Oviposition accounted for the longest duration, representing 36.8% of the total parasitization time. There were significant correlations among the variables of oviposition behavior.

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