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| 黑水虻种群退化及杂交种群生长性能的研究 |
| Research on population degradation of Hermetia illucens and growth performance of hybrid strain |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 黑水虻 退化种群 杂交 生长性能 |
| 英文关键词:Hermetia illucens degenerate strain hybrid growth performance |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划（2023YFD17020034） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 黑水虻Hermetia illucens作为一种新型资源环境昆虫，利用其处理餐厨垃圾、畜禽粪便、蔬菜残体等各种有机废弃物具有显著的生态经济效益。黑水虻规模化生产过程中，由于其长期室内饲养，种群之间近亲繁殖导致生长性能等退化现象产生。【目的】本研究为明确黑水虻退化代数、退化性状以及杂交后代优势，【方法】连续多代黑水虻近亲繁殖，测定退化代数以及生长性状，并利用外源种群与退化种群杂交，测定并比较杂交后代与退化种群、外源种群的差异。【结果】结果表明：近亲繁殖F9代时，黑水虻幼虫体重、粗蛋白及粗脂肪显著下降，黑水虻成虫的产卵量在F20代时显著下降；退化种群与外源种群杂交后，杂交后代的生长性能显著优于退化种群，与野生种群无显著性差异。利用三种不同种群处理鸡粪，杂交后代粗蛋白和粗脂肪分别约为35.85%和27.57%，而退化种群为29.78%和23.61%，均有显著性差异。杂交后代处理鸡粪的减量率和生物转化率分别为50.23%和33.19%，均显著高于退化种群。【结论】通过本次研究阐明了黑水虻退化代数以及生长性状，为黑水虻规模化繁育提供科学依据。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Hermetia illucens, the black soldier fly (BSF), as a novel resource and environmentally significant insect, offers considerable ecological and economic benefits in the treatment of various organic wastes, including kitchen waste, livestock and poultry manure, and vegetable residues. However, during large-scale BSF production, long-term indoor breeding leads to inbreeding within populations, resulting in degenerative phenomena such as deterioration in growth performance.【Aim】This study aimed to identify the generation at which degradation occurs, the associated degenerative traits, and the potential advantages of hybrid BSF strains.【Methods】Continuous inbreeding of BSF was conducted over multiple generations to determine the onset of degradation and related growth traits. Exogenous populations were then crossed with the degraded populations, and comparisons were made among the hybrid strains, degraded populations, and exogenous populations.【Results】The results indicated that by the F9 generation of inbreeding, larval weight, crude protein, and crude fat content of BSF had decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Moreover, the oviposition amount of adult BSF showed a significant decline by the F20 generation (P < 0.05). After hybridization between the degraded and exogenous populations, the growth performance of the hybrid strain was significantly improved compared to that of the degraded population (P < 0.05), and no significant difference was observed relative to the wild population (P > 0.05). Three different populations were uesd in experiments to treat chicken manure, the crude protein and crude fat contents of the hybrid strains were approximately 35.85% and 27.57%, respectively, whereas those of the degraded population were 29.78% and 23.61%, with significant differences between them (P < 0.05). Additionally, the reduction rate and bioconversion rate of chicken manure treated with the hybrid strains were 50.23% and 33.19%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those achieved by the degraded population (P < 0.05).【Conclusion】This study clarifies the generational onset of degradation and key growth traits in BSF, providing a theoretical basis for the large-scale breeding of this species. |
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