《环境昆虫学报》

本研究旨在明确赣南地区油茶Camellia oleifera传粉昆虫的种类组成、数量分布及群落差异，为油茶传粉昆虫的科学保护与利用提供理论依据。于2022-2023年油茶盛花期，对赣南18个油茶基地的传粉昆虫进行系统调查，采用Shannon-Wiener指数及物种丰富度、均匀度、优势度指数分析群落特征。结果显示：共观测记录传粉昆虫2 334头，分别隶属于3目13科15属21种，主要以膜翅目、双翅目为为优势类群。其中胡蜂科Vespidae、食蚜蝇科Syrphidae和蜜蜂科Apidae分别占传粉昆虫总数的28.11%、21.77%和11.87%。传粉昆虫个体数最高的是章贡沙石镇霞峰村双圳油茶基地，最低的是瑞金市冈面乡渡头村清江排油茶基地；物种数、丰富度指数最高的是上犹紫阳乡秀罗村老秧田油茶基地，最低的是于都盘古山镇茶梓村大水山油茶基地。Shannon-Wiener多样性指数与Chao1丰富度指数呈显著正相关（R=0.735，P<0.01）。均匀度指数最高的为信丰大塘埠镇万星村石子排油茶基地，最低的为寻乌留车镇石马村山下油茶基地。上犹紫阳乡秀罗村老秧田油茶基地与赣县沙地镇马口村倒坪油茶基地传粉昆虫群落相似性最高（Cs=0.968），瑞金市九堡镇密溪村桥坑与章贡沙石镇霞峰村双圳油茶基地相似性最低（Cs=0.519）。油茶传粉优势昆虫为蜜蜂科、胡蜂科和食蚜蝇科昆虫，可充分利用中华蜜蜂为油茶授粉，建议在油茶林间或林缘配植一定种类和数量的蜜（粉）源植物，构建利用蜜蜂为油茶授粉的长期栖息环境。

英文摘要:

This research was conducted to elucidate the species composition, abundance patterns, and community variation of pollinating insects associated with Camellia oleifera in southern Jiangxi (Gannan), thereby providing a scientific foundation for their conservation and rational utilization. During the main flowering seasons of C. oleifera from 2022 to 2023, a comprehensive field survey of pollinating insects was carried out in 18 plantations across the region. Community characteristics were evaluated using the Shannon–Wiener diversity index, together with indices of species richness, evenness, and dominance. In total, 2,334 pollinating insects were collected, representing 21 species from 15 genera, 13 families, and 3 orders, with Hymenoptera and Diptera identified as the dominant orders. Among these, Vespidae, Syrphidae, and Apidae comprised 28.11%, 21.77%, and 11.87% of all pollinators, respectively. The largest number of individuals was observed at the Shuangzhen C. oleifera base in Xiafeng Village, Shashi Town, Zhanggong District, whereas the fewest were recorded at the Qingjiangpai base in Dutou Village, Gangmian Township, Ruijin City. Species richness and diversity values reached their maximum at the Laoyangtian base in Xiuluo Village, Ziyang Township, Shangyou County, and were lowest at the Dashuishan base in Chazi Village, Pangushan Town, Yudu County. A strong positive correlation was detected between the Shannon–Wiener diversity index and the Chao1 richness index (R = 0.735, P < 0.01). The highest evenness index occurred at the Shizipai base in Wanxing Village, Datangbu Town, Xinfeng County, while the lowest was recorded at the Shanxia base in Shima Village, Liuche Town, Xunwu County. The greatest similarity in pollinator community composition was observed between the Laoyangtian base in Xiuluo Village, Ziyang Township, Shangyou County, and the Daoping base in Makou Village, Shadi Town, Ganxian County (Cs = 0.968). Conversely, the lowest similarity occurred between the Qiaokeng base in Mixi Village, Jiubao Town, Ruijin City, and the Shuangzhen base in Xiafeng Village, Shashi Town, Zhanggong District (Cs = 0.519). Apidae, Vespidae, and Syrphidae were identified as the key pollinator groups of C. oleifera. The Asian honeybee (Apis cerana) demonstrated high potential for effective pollination of C. oleifera. It is therefore suggested that suitable nectar- and pollen-producing plants be interplanted within or along the margins of C. oleifera stands to create stable habitats and support sustainable bee-mediated pollination.

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