《环境昆虫学报》

长林小蠹Hylurgus ligniperda是国际重大检疫害虫，原产欧洲南部及非洲北部的地中海沿岸，在入侵地危害严重。2020年，在山东省烟台市，首次明确了长林小蠹在我国的危害定殖，主要危害寄主为黑松Pinus thunbergii。由于环境气候等差异，新入侵害虫在新的区域生物生态学特性可能会发生改变，与原产地有所不同。为明确长林小蠹在新入侵地的生物学特性。本文在建立该虫人工饲养技术的基础上，通过野外解剖和不同室内饲养方法来观察其在我国山东烟台的生物学特性。利用韧皮部的树皮粉和纯净水，建立了长林小蠹简便高效的人工饲养新方法。明确了长林小蠹在烟台市1年可发生3代，第一代由越冬成虫在5月上旬大量出孔扬飞，5月、6月是产卵和幼虫孵化的盛期，第二代成虫在7月和8月产卵，在9月第三代羽化后依旧有部分成虫产卵，其主要以成虫和幼虫进行越冬且世代重叠。通过外部形态特征和卵巢解剖特征观察，雌雄虫羽化后体色随日龄增长变化，在羽化后15 d左右会经历由黄白色、红褐色、棕色至完全变为黑色，雌虫在10日龄后逐渐达到性成熟。本研究初步明确了长林小蠹在入侵地的生活史、各虫态生长发育历期等生物学特性，为长林小蠹的有效防治，控制其进一步扩散提供了理论依据。

英文摘要:

Hylurgus ligniperda is a major international quarantine pest, native to the southern Mediterranean coast of Europe and northern Africa, and causes significant damage in invaded areas. In 2020, it was first confirmed to be established and causing harm in Yantai City, Shandong Province, China, primarily infesting Japanese black pine (Pinus thunbergii). Owing to environmental and climatic differences, the biological and ecological traits of this new invasive pest may undergo changes in newly colonized regions, potentially diverging from those observed in its native range. This study aimed to elucidate the biological characteristics of H. ligniperda in its newly invaded range. Based on the establishment of artificial breeding techniques for this pest, this study combined field dissections with multiple indoor rearing methods, to investigate its biological characteristics in Yantai, Shandong Province. A simple and efficient artificial breeding method was developed using phloem bark powder and purified water. The study confirmed that H. ligniperda completes three generations annually in Yantai. The first generation emerges from overwintering adults in early May, with mass adult dispersal observed. May and June represent the peak period for oviposition and larval emergence. The second generation oviposits in July and August, and even after the third generation emerges in September, some adults continue to lay eggs. H. ligniperda primarily overwinters as adults and larvae, exhibiting overlapping generations. Observations of external morphological traits and ovary dissections revealed that the coloration of both male and female adults changes with age post-emergence: approximately 15 days after emergence, their color transitions from yellowish-white to reddish-brown, then to brown, and finally to black. Females reach sexual maturity around 10 days after emergence. This study preliminarily elucidates the life cycle, growth, and developmental duration of H. ligniperda in the invaded region, providing a theoretical foundation for effective management and containment of its further spread.

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