《环境昆虫学报》

在室内研究了种群密度、温度和食物供给3个环境因素对亚洲小车蝗Oedaleus asiaticus绿色-褐色表型可塑性的影响，确定亚洲小车蝗不同生态型个体的行为指标，并测定3个环境因素对行为指标的影响。结果表明：在所测定的环境因素中，种群密度对亚洲小车蝗3龄蝗蝻表型变化具有显著影响（P < 0.05）。在一定条件下，体色变化率随着密度的增加而增加，在密度为60头/0.25 m2时，3龄蝗蝻表型变化率最高，达到57.60%；在密度为80头/0.25 m2，体色变化率不再增加，反而趋于下降，体色变化率降到54.89%；在密度为100头/笼时，体色变化率降为51.20%。温度和食物供给对亚洲小车蝗表型变化也具有显著影响（P < 0.05）。当温度达到40℃，食物供给减少一半时，蝗虫个体体色变化率分别为12.00%和5.67%。在行为试验中，环境因素对不同型态的亚洲小车蝗的转向次数和跳跃次数存在显著影响（P < 0.05），散居型3龄蝗蝻每分钟的转向次数介于1.2~1.4之间，跳跃次数介于1.1~1.4之间；群居型3龄蝗蝻每分钟的转向次数介于1.6~1.8之间，跳跃次数介于1.6~1.8之间。因此，转向次数和跳跃次数可以作为亚洲小车蝗行为变化的判定指标。并且在所测试的环境因素中，随着种群密度的增加，3龄蝗蝻的转向次数和跳跃次数也随之增加。这些结果表明，亚洲小车蝗散居型和群居型间体色和行为的转变是多种环境因素共同作用的结果。

英文摘要:

The effects of three key environmental factors, population density, temperature and food availability, on the plasticity of green-brown phenotypic of Oedaleus asiaticus were studied under controlled laboratory conditions. Behavioral traits associated with different ecotypes were assessed to elucidate the influence of environmental variables on behavioral plasticity. Among the examined factors, population density had a significant effect on the body coloration of third-instar nymphs (P < 0.05). Under certain conditions, the change rate of body coloration increased with density. At a density of 60 individuals/0.25 m2, the phenotype change rate of third instar nymph was the highest, reaching 57.60%. However, at higher densities (80 and 100 individuals per cage), the rate of color transformation decreased to 54.89% and 51.20%, respectively. Temperature and food supply also had significant effects on the phenotypic variation of O. asiaticus (P < 0.05). When the temperature reached 40°C and under a 50% reduction in food supply, the rates of color change was 12.00% and 5.67%, respectively. Behavioral assays revealed that environmental factors had a significant impact on the number of turns and jumps of different types of O. asiaticus (P < 0.05). Solitary-type third-instar nymphs exhibited 1.2–1.4 turns and 1.1–1.4 jumps per minute, whereas gregarious-type third-instar nymphs displayed higher activity levels, with 1.6–1.8 turns and jumps per minute. Therefore, the number of turns and jumps can be used as indicators to determine the behavioral changes in O. asiaticus. Notably, these behavioral metrics increased in parallel with population density. Taken together, these results indicated that both body coloration and behavior in O. asiaticus are strongly modulated by environmental conditions, with population density playing a dominant role in shaping phenotypic and behavioral divergence between scattered and gregarious forms.

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