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| 植物油中的脂肪酸能否吸引红火蚁？ |
| Do fatty acids in vegetable oil attract red imported fire ants? |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 红火蚁 饵剂 引诱作用 脂肪酸 搬运行为 |
| 英文关键词:Solenopsis invicta bait attractive effect fatty acid transport behavior |
| 基金项目:广州广检建设工程检测中心有限公司技术开发项目（GJGJBGI20231114） |
| Author Name | Affiliation | | WANG Lan-Feng, LI Xiao-Mei, CHAI Zhen-Jie, YE Xiao-Li, MAO Lei, LIU Di, LIANG Jia-Wei, LIANG Zi-Hao, TANG Jing-Heng, DU Cheng-Ju, WANG Cai | 1. Guangzhou Guangjian Construction Engineering Testing Center Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510699, China
2. College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 灭蚁饵剂中的植物油对红火蚁Solenopsis invicta具有强引诱性。前期研究已证实红火蚁对玉米油饵料的搬运量显著高于椰子油饵料，然而机制尚不明确。玉米油的主要成分为不饱和脂肪酸（如亚油酸、油酸），而椰子油的主要成分为饱和脂肪酸（如月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸）。因此，我们假设红火蚁偏好玉米油饵料的原因是不饱和脂肪酸决定的。本研究比较了红火蚁对对玉米油、椰子油及其主要脂肪酸组分（亚油酸、油酸、月桂酸和肉豆蔻酸）饵料的搬运行为。结果表明，在野外条件下，红火蚁对玉米油饵料的搬运量显著高于椰子油饵料，对4种脂肪酸制作的饵料则几乎不进行搬运。在实验室条件下，红火蚁对各饵料的搜索时间无显著差异，但玉米油饵料的首次搬运时间显著早于4种脂肪酸饵料。同时，红火蚁对玉米油饵料的搬运速度也显著高于其他五种饵料。此外，毒理实验表明玉米油、椰子油及4种脂肪酸对红火蚁均无毒性，提供各饵料14 d后，红火蚁平均死亡率均低于30%且无显著差异。本研究直接证明了玉米油和椰子油的主要成分对红火蚁没有显著引诱作用，表明植物油的引诱机制远比预想的复杂。未来研究应重点关注植物油中的微量成分或多组分的协同效应，这将对实现红火蚁精准、绿色防控提供重要理论依据。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Vegetable oil in ant bait is highly attractive to the red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta). Previous research showed that S. invicta transported significantly more bait containing corn oil than coconut oil, though the mechanism underlying this phenomenon remains unclear. It is known that corn oil primarily consists of unsaturated fatty acids including linoleic acid and oleic acid, whereas coconut oil is mainly composed of saturated fatty acids including lauric acid and myristic acid. Therefore, we hypothesized that the attractiveness of corn oil bait is due to its unsaturated fatty acid components. This study compared the foraging behavior of fire ants in response to baits containing corn oil, coconut oil, and their principal fatty acid components (linoleic acid, oleic acid, lauric acid and myristic acid). Under field conditions, S. invicta transported significantly more corn oil bait than coconut oil bait, but little baits containing fatty acids were transported. Under laboratory conditions, search time for the different baits was not significantly different; however, corn oil bait was transported significantly earlier than the four fatty acid baits. Moreover, the transport speed of corn oil bait was significantly faster than that of the other five baits. Furthermore, toxicity tests indicated that neither corn oil, coconut oil, nor the four fatty acids were toxic against S. invicta, average fire ant mortality remained below 30% with no significant differences. This study showed that the main fatty acid components of corn oil and coconut oil were not attractive for S. invicta, indicating that the attraction mechanism of vegetable oils was far more complex than expected. Future research should focus on the minor components of vegetable oils and the synergistic effects of multiple compounds, which would provide an important theoretical basis for developing precise and environmentally friendly control methods for S. invicta. |
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