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| 种植模式和拌种处理对冬小麦田昆虫群落多样性及其产量的影响 |
| Effects of planting patterns and seed coating treatments on insect community diversity and yield in wheat fields |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 灌溉 拌种 昆虫多样性 产量 戊唑•吡虫啉 |
| 英文关键词:Irrigation seed dressing insect diversity yield tebuconazole-imidacloprid |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划（2021YFD19007005） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了明确不同农业栽培管理措施对冬小麦田昆虫多样性及其产量的影响，本研究通过田间裂区设计（主区为灌溉田和雨养田，副区为吡虫啉种衣剂拌种和不拌种），系统评估了冬小麦种植模式和拌种处理对昆虫多样性及小麦产量的影响。试验结果表明，在整个生育期灌溉田与雨养田相比害虫多度下降了8.55%，非害虫多度上升了21.68%。在抽穗期，拌种处理与不拌种处理相比害虫亚群落多度和优势度指数分别显著下降了190.5和0.12，但多样性和均匀度显著增加了0.27和0.16。在灌浆期，灌溉田与雨养田相比害虫亚群落多度显著下降了31.97，而非害虫亚群落多样性和均匀度显著增加了0.12和0.08，优势度显著下降了0.08。在理论产量上，雨养田下拌种处理与不拌种处理相比产量显著增加1.16 t/hm2，而灌溉田下拌种处理产量略高于不拌种处理。综上所述，在整个生育期上，灌溉处理能显著增加非害虫多度，但不会影响害虫多度；在拌种田，抽穗期的害虫多度少于不拌种田，在灌溉田，灌浆期的害虫多度少于雨养田；在雨养田拌种处理产量明显高于不拌种处理。建议雨养田采用拌种种植，灌溉田采用不拌种种植，并根据不同生育期害虫发展特点进行防治。本研究结果为推动农业可持续发展、保障生态环境安全提供了可行路径。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To clarify the effects of different agricultural cultivation and management practices on insect diversity and wheat yield in winter wheat fields, this study employed a split-plot field design with main plots consisting of irrigated and rain-fed fields, and subplots consisting of tebuconazole-imidacloprid seed dressing treatment and no seed dressing treatment. The impacts of winter wheat planting patterns and seed dressing treatment on insect diversity and wheat yield were systematically evaluated. Results showed that throughout the entire growing season, compared to rain-fed fields, pest abundance in irrigated fields decreased by 8.55%, while non-pest abundance increased by 21.68%. During the heading stage, seed dressing treatment significantly reduced pest subcommunity abundance and dominance index by 190.5 individuals and 0.12 units, respectively, while significantly increased diversity and evenness indices by 0.27 and 0.16, respectively, compared to the non-seed dressing treatment. During the grain-filling stage, compared to rain-fed fields, pest subcommunity abundance in irrigated fields significantly decreased by 31.97 individuals, while non-pest subcommunity diversity and evenness significantly increased by 0.12 and 0.08 units, respectively, and dominance significantly decreased by 0.08 units. In terms of theoretical yield, seed dressing treatment significantly increased yield by 1.16 t/ha compared to non-seed dressing treatment under rain-fed conditions, while under irrigated conditions, seed dressing treatment showed slightly higher yield than non-seed dressing treatment. Overall, irrigation treatment significantly increased non-pest abundance but did not affect pest abundance throughout the entire growing season. In seed-dressing fields, pest abundance during the heading stage was lower than in non-seed-dressed fields, and in irrigated fields, pest abundance during the grain-filling stage was lower than in rain-fed fields. Seed dressing treatment significantly improved yield compared to non-seed dressing treatment under rain-fed conditions. It is recommended that seed dressing treatment be adopted in rain-fed fields, while non-seed dressing treatment be used in irrigated fields, with pest control strategies adjusted according to pest development characteristics at different growth stages. These findings provide a feasible pathway for promoting sustainable agricultural development and ensuring ecological environment safety. |
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