《环境昆虫学报》

目前叉角厉蝽Eocanthecona furcellata规模化人工饲养主要以鳞翅目害虫斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura、草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda等为食料，但以害虫为食料饲养，在叉角厉蝽商品化包装、远距离带食料运输至释放地时，难免增加田间释放时害虫迁移入侵、扩散危害的风险。本研究将家蚕Bombyx mori幼虫作为叉角厉蝽各发育阶段的食料，具体探究叉角厉蝽各虫态对家蚕2~4龄期幼虫的捕食行为、捕食功能、搜寻效应，结果表明各虫态叉角厉蝽能够以单头捕食或集体围猎的方式攻击家蚕幼虫并成功捕食，捕食量随家蚕幼虫密度增加而增大，当猎物密度达到一定时，捕食量趋于稳定饱和；捕食功能反应符合Holling II圆盘方程，叉角厉蝽捕食能力与虫龄呈正相关，2龄叉角厉蝽对家蚕2龄幼虫最大日捕食量为24.042头；叉角厉蝽成虫捕食能力最强，对家蚕2、3、4龄幼虫最大日捕食量分别为42.1553头、18.5510头、20.5951头；搜寻效应与猎物密度呈负相关，在猎物龄期和密度相同时，高龄叉角厉蝽的搜寻效应普遍大于低龄叉角厉蝽，且各虫态叉角厉蝽捕食低龄家蚕幼虫的搜寻效应大于捕食高龄家蚕幼虫。总之，叉角厉蝽能够取食利用营养丰富的家蚕幼虫，大大提高了在田间释放的安全性，为规模化饲养过程中根据发育龄期选择合适龄期的家蚕幼虫及合适的投放数量饲喂提供理论参考依据，也为拓展家蚕的多元化资源利用提供新思路。

英文摘要:

Currently, Lepidoptera pests like Spodoptera litura and Spodoptera frugiperda are the main food source for Eocanthecona furcellata when it comes to large-scale artificial feeding operations. However, using pest insects as food sources inevitably increases the risk of pest migration, invasion, and dispersal hazards when commercially packaging Eocanthecona furcellata and transporting them with feed over long distances to release sites. In this study, we specifically investigate the predation behavior, predation function and searching effect of Eocanthecona furcellata all developmental stages for 2nd~4th instars Bombyx mori larvae as food. The results demonstrated that Eocanthecona furcellata at all life stages could successfully attack and consume Bombyx mori larvae through solitary predation or collective hunting. Predation rates increased with Bombyx mori larval density until reaching a plateau at higher prey densities. The functional responses conformed to the Holling II disc equation model, with predation capacity positively correlated to predator instar. The second-instar Eocanthecona furcellata exhibited a maximum daily predation numbers were 24.042 for second-instar Bombyx mori larvae. Adults showed the highest predation capacity, with maximum daily predation numbers were 42.1553, 18.5510, and 20.5951 individuals for second, third, and fourth-instar Bombyx mori larvae, respectively. Searching efficiency was negatively correlated with prey density. Under equivalent prey instar and density, higher-instar Eocanthecona furcellata generally displayed greater searching efficiency than younger instars, and all predator stages showed higher searching efficiency when preying on younger Bombyx mori larvae compared to older ones. In conclusion, Eocanthecona furcellata can effectively utilize nutrient-rich Bombyx mori larvae as feed, significantly enhancing field release safety. This study provides theoretical guidance for selecting appropriate Bombyx mori larval instars and quantities in mass-rearing systems based on predator developmental stages, while also proposing novel approaches for diversifying Bombyx mori resource utilization.

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