《环境昆虫学报》

蜜蜂是自然界主要的传粉昆虫，它们在农作物增产提质和维持生态系统平衡方面发挥十分重要的作用。近年来，随着现代农业的快速发展，杀菌剂这一类能够有效预防和控制农作物免受真菌等病原危害的低毒性农药在田间和设施农业中广泛应用，但在使用过程中往往忽视了其对蜜蜂等非靶标生物生存和健康的威胁。本文综述了蜜蜂杀菌剂暴露及其亚致死效应的国内外相关研究进展，内容主要涵盖杀菌剂的发展和作用机制、蜜蜂接触杀菌剂的途径、杀菌剂对蜜蜂的毒理效应及其与其他农药的协同效应，分析了杀菌剂暴露对蜜蜂健康的负面影响及潜在威胁，建议有关管理和研究单位进一步重视杀菌剂在农作物花期的使用规范，尤其加强杀菌剂暴露对蜜蜂风险的科学评估，为蜜蜂等野外传粉昆虫的生存健康提供保障。

英文摘要:

Honey bees are the primary pollinators in nature, playing a crucial role in increasing crop yield, improving quality, and maintaining ecosystem balance. In recent years, with the rapid development of modern agriculture, fungicides, a class of low-toxicity pesticides effective in preventing and controlling fungal pathogens in crops, have been widely used in both field and facility agriculture. However, their potential threats to the survival and health of non-target organisms, such as honey bees, are often overlooked during application. This article reviewed the domestic and international research progress on honey bee exposure to fungicides and their sublethal effects. The content primarily covered the development and mechanisms of fungicides, the pathways through which honey bees were exposed to fungicides, the toxicological effects of fungicides on honey bees, and their synergistic effects with other pesticides. It analyzed the negative impacts and potential threats of fungicide exposure on honey bee health. The paper recommended that relevant management and research institutions place greater emphasis on the regulations governing fungicide use during crop flowering periods, particularly by strengthening scientific risk assessments of fungicide exposure to honey bees, in order to safeguard the survival and health of honey bees and other wild pollinators.

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