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| 利用松褐天牛蛹繁育复壮花绒寄甲 |
| Efficiency of Reproduction and Rejuvenation in Dastarcus helophoroides (Coleoptera: Bothrideridae) Parasitizing Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) Pupae |
| 投稿时间：2024-05-08 修订日期：2024-06-04 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 花绒寄甲，松褐天牛，子代数量，子代质量 |
| 英文关键词:Dastarcus helophoroides Monochamus alternatus offspring number offspring quality |
| 基金项目:中国林科院基本科研业务费(CAFYBB2021ZG001),贵州省教育厅自然科学研究项目(黔教技[2023]043号)。 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 花绒寄甲Dastarcus helophoroides是松材线虫Bursaphelenchus xylophilus传播媒介松褐天牛Monochamus alternatus的重要寄生性天敌。本试验通过在松褐天牛蛹上接种不同数量的花绒寄甲幼虫,观察其发育情况及其结茧数、羽化数、子代质量等指标,为花绒寄甲的繁育复壮提供参考。结果表明：室内接种花绒寄甲1龄幼虫寄生松褐天牛蛹,5个不同接种数量下寄生率均高于80%,花绒寄甲幼虫历期和蛹历期差异显著,接种数量为4头/个时,幼虫历期和蛹历期最长,平均为11.00 d和30.08 d,6头/个、8头/个、10头/个和12头/个时,幼虫历期缩短为8-9 d,蛹历期随接种数量增加逐渐缩短,最短仅22.09 d,比4头/个时缩短8 d左右。花绒寄甲结茧数、羽化数、结茧率、羽化率、繁殖成功率均呈先升后降趋势,8头/个时,结茧数和羽化数均最多,平均为7.31个和7.24个,结茧率、羽化率和繁殖成功率均最高,平均为91.38%、99.14%和90.62%,12头/个时,结茧率最低仅56.55%,4头/个时,羽化率和繁殖成功率最低,平均为81.25%和50.00%。5个接种数量下,羽化的花绒寄甲成虫总质量差异极显著,6头/个和8头/个时,总质量较大,平均为0.1080 g/管和0.1024 g/管,12头/个时最小,平均为0.0501g/管,比最大值下降了50%。随接种数量增加,花绒寄甲单头质量呈下降趋势,4头/个时,单头质量最大,平均为0.0313 g/头,8头/个时,下降至平均0.0143 g/头,最低仅0.0074 g/头(12头/个时),不到最大个体的1/4。因此,若要利用松褐天牛蛹繁育花绒寄甲种虫,接种数量4头/个时最佳,若繁育花绒寄甲投放于林间防治害虫,以8头/个时收益最高。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Dastarcus helophoroides is a significant parasitic natural enemy of Monochamus alternatus that carry the Bursaphelenchus xylophilus illness. This study aims to investigate the rearing effect of D. helophoroides with the pupae of longhorned beetles. Different numbers of D. helophoroides 1st stage larvae were inoculated on the beetle pupae, and their developmental duration, cocooning number, eclosion number, and offspring quality were observed in this paper. According to the findings, in laboratory conditions, the parasitism rates of D. helophoroides larvae on M. alternatus pupae were found to be above 80%. Significant differences were observed between the larval stage and pupal stage. When four larvae were inoculated onto one host, both the larval stage (11.00 days) and pupal stage (30.08 days) were longest compared to other treatments where the larval stage lasted about 8-9 days. The pupal stage was shortened with an increase in the number of inoculated larvae, with the shortest pupal stage lasting approximately 22.09 days. The number of cocoons, size of the offspring, cocooning rate, eclosion rate and success rearing rate all exhibited a trend of initially increasing and then decreasing with the addition of inoculated numbers. Specifically, the highest cocooning number (7.31) and eclosion number (7.24) were observed when eight larvae were inoculated per host in five treatments. Additionally, the cocooning rate, eclosion rate and success rearing rate were highest at this inoculation density, while the eclosion rate and success rearing rate were lowest when four parasitoid larvae were used. Significant differences in total adult weight among the five treatments were also noted; specifically, when six or eight larvae were inoculated, their total adult weights (0.1080 g and 0.1024 g respectively) exceeded those of other treatments. Conversely, the total adult weight was lowest at an inoculation density of 12 larvae per host (0.0074 g). The single adult weight decreased as the inoculated number increased; it reached its peak at 0.0313 g with an inoculation density of four larvae per host but dropped to 0.0143 g with eight larvae per host before reaching its lowest point at 0.0074 g with twelve larvae per host. In general, smaller numbers of inoculated larvae resulted in larger body sizes for the offspring adults; therefore, an optimal inoculation density for breeding adults would be four larvae per host whereas if more adults are desired for release into the field then an optimal inoculation density would be eight larvae per host. |
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