《环境昆虫学报》

作者	单位
孙国，梁程博，刘道鑫，周渊涛，马晓璇，闫京艳	1. 青海大学农牧学院，青海西宁 810016；2. 青海大学昆仑学院，青海西宁 810016

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中文摘要:

随着各种环境压力的日益增大，传粉昆虫多样性及其保护研究逐渐得到重视。为了调查三江源地区传粉昆虫的基本概况，于2021年7-9月通过随机样点法和定点观测法对14类（4目12科）传粉昆虫类群的传粉活动进行了观测。共得到传粉活动记录7 247条，观察到受访植物37种（13科31属）。分析结果表明，三江源地区传粉昆虫类群的传粉活力由高到低依次是熊蜂（访花频次占总频次的70.13%）、其他双翅目昆虫（11.19%）、灰蝶（10.49%）和蛱蝶（3.08%），而其他的传粉昆虫类群的访花频次占比不足1%，传粉作用较弱；其中，熊蜂在不同植物上的访花活动会呈现不同的高峰期：如在甘肃马先蒿Pedicularis kansuensis上呈现两个访花高峰期（11∶00-12∶00和18∶00-19∶00），而在假水生龙胆Gentiana pseudoaquatica上只有一个访花高峰期（11∶00-12∶00）等。研究显示，熊蜂是三江源地区传粉活力最高的传粉昆虫类群，且其访花的日活动规律因自身特性、受访植物种类和外界环境变化呈现不同的访花高峰期。三江源地区的生态平衡离不开传粉昆虫的作用，加强对传粉昆虫的保护有助于三江源地区的生态恢复。本研究可为未来开展三江源地区传粉昆虫的传粉生物学研究提供参考，同时也对三江源地区生物多样性的保护提供理论数据。

英文摘要:

With the increasing of various environmental pressures, the diversity of pollinators and their conservation research has gradually been emphasized. In order to investigate the basic situation of pollinating insects in the Sanjiangyuan area, this study observed the pollination activities of 14 species of pollinating insects by random sampling method and fixed-point observation method from July to September 2021. A total of 7 247 records of pollination activities were obtained, and 37 species of 13 families, 31 genera and 13 genera were observed. The results showed that the flower visiting frequency of pollinator groups was bumblebee (70.13%), other diptera (11.19%), grey butterfly (10.49%) and Nymphalidae (3.08%). The frequency of visiting flowers of other pollinating insect groups was less than 1%, and the pollination effect was weak. Bumblebees showed different peak of flower visiting activities in different plants, for example, there were two peak of flower visiting activities in Pedicularis kansuensis (11∶00-12∶00 and 18∶00-19∶00), and there was only one peak period (11∶00-12∶00) on Gentiana pseudoaquatica. This study showed that bumblebees were the most important pollinating insect group in the Sanjiangyuan area, and the daily activities of bumblebees visiting flowers showed different peak times depending on their own characteristics, the characteristics of the surveyed plants and the external environment. The ecological balance of Sanjiangyuan region cannot be separated from the role of pollinators. Strengthening the protection of pollinators is helpful to the ecological restoration of Sanjiangyuan region. This study is expected to provide reference for future research on pollination biology of pollinating insects in the Sanjiangyuan area, and also provide theoretical data for biodiversity conservation in the Sanjiangyuan area.

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