《环境昆虫学报》

作者	单位
孙昱，任争争，魏琮	1. 西北农林科技大学植物保护学院，陕西杨凌 712100；2. 西北农林科技大学理学院，陕西杨凌 712100

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中文摘要:

青藏高原东缘地区作为高原横向扩展的前缘过渡带，地理环境与气候条件多样，是全球生物多样性研究的一个热点地区。蝉科昆虫长期在地下营固定生活，成虫发生期短、体型硕大、飞行能力弱而难以扩散，因此适合多尺度的生物地理学和物种多样性研究；但青藏高原东缘地区的蝉科昆虫区系一直缺乏研究。本研究在区系调查和系统分类研究基础上，对青藏高原东缘地区的蝉科昆虫多样性及地理分布格局进行了研究。结果表明，该地区共分布蝉科昆虫3亚科46属100种（包括2个新纪录种），分别占中国已知属、种数量的59.7%和29.1%；区系以东洋界成分为主（73种，73.0%），古北界和东洋界共有成分次之（21种，21.0%），特有成分比例较高（19种，19.0%）。该地区的10个亚区可被分为南、北2个大区，大致以秦岭及甘南山地为界。北段的黄土高原过渡区（MX+HB）、藏北过渡区（QZ）属于古北界，物种多样性较低，分布的主要是体型较小的姬蝉亚科物种。南段的东洋界各亚区由秦岭西段山地过渡区（HZⅠ+XNⅠ）、川西盆地及滇北过渡区（HZⅡ+XNⅣ）、青藏高原东南部的横断山脉“高原–山地”过渡区（XNⅡ+XNⅢ）及滇西山地过渡区（HN）组成。各亚区的物种多样性由北向南逐渐增多，四川盆地西部和横断山南部为多样性中心。在南段的各亚区中，西南亚区Ⅰ（XNⅠ）和华中亚区Ⅰ（HZⅠ）区系相似性最高，华中亚区Ⅱ（HZⅡ）和西南亚区Ⅳ（XNⅣ）区系相似性最高，它们分别聚合后再与“西南亚区Ⅱ+西南亚区Ⅲ（XNⅡ+XNⅢ）”聚合，最后与滇西的华南亚区（HN）聚合，表明滇西的华南亚区（HN）及高原东南部的横断山脉“高原–山地”过渡带（XNII、XNIII）区系相对独特。蝉科同一类群的不同物种在该地区呈现出明显的生态位分化，分别向“低山–峡谷–丘陵”生境和“亚高山–高山”生境发展。“低山–峡谷–丘陵”分布的适热物种分布区比较广泛，均在相邻的东部、南部地区有所分布；“亚高山–高山”的适冷种类则多局限分布于高海拔地带（许多都是特有种），尤其在横断山脉地区基本都呈现为小范围的斑块或点状分布，即“天空岛”分布格局。整体而言，青藏高原东缘南段的高大山体、相关地带的急剧下降地形及气候差异等对蝉科物种的扩散和分布影响更大，研究结果为青藏高原邻近地区的动物地理区划及生物多样性分化研究提供了新的信息和参考依据。

英文摘要:

Areas along the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP), the transitional regions of the lateral expansion of QTP, are the transitional zones between the Palaearctic and Oriental Regions. These areas contain diverse geographical environment and climate conditions, and are one of the hot spots in the study of global biodiversity. Insects of the family Cicadidae (Insecta: Hemiptera) are excellent subjects for biogeographical and biodiversity studies because of their low dispersal ability caused by the generally long, subterranean pre-adult stage, short adult lifespan and their much less flying capability than other insects. However, our understanding of the biodiversity and fauna of Cicadae in areas along the eastern margin of QTP are extremely limited. The biodiversity and fauna of Cicadidae in areas along the eastern margin of QTP were studied based on information and data from the Entomological Museum of Northwest A & F University and various other institutes as well as the results of related systematic studies. The results showed that 100 species belonging to 46 genera and 3 subfamilies of Cicadidae occured in areas along the eastern margin of QTP, accounting for 59.7% and 29.1% of the known genera and species in China, respectively. Most of them were Oriental species (73 species, 73.0%), which were followed by species occurring in both the Palearctic and Oriental Region (21 species, 21.0%), and then followed by the endemic species (19 species, 19.0%). The endemic species mainly distributed in the southern region along the eastern margin of QTP. 10 subregions could be divided into two groups, with a boundary to be the Qinling Mountains and mountainous areas in Southern Gansu Province. The northern subregions belonging to the Palearctic Region comprise the Loess Plateau transition zone (MX+HB) and the northern Tibet transition zone (QZ), which had a low species diversity, and the species occurring there were mainly small-sized cicadas of the subfamily Cicadettinae. The southern subregions belonging to the Oriental Region include the transition zone of western Qinling Mountains (HZⅠ+XNⅠ), the transition zone of western Sichuan Basin and Northern Yunnan (HZⅡ+XNⅣ), the pleateau-mountain transition zone of the Hengduan Mountains (XNⅡ+XNⅢ), and the mountainous transition zone of western Yunnan (HN). The species diversity of subregion increases gradually from north to south, with western Sichuan Basin and southern Hengduan Mountains being the biodiversity centers. In regard to the subregions in the southern section, (XNI+HZI) clustered with (HZII+XNⅣ) first, and then clustered with (XNⅡ+XNⅢ) and HN subsequently. The results indicated that the subregion located at Weastern Yunnan (HN) and the pleateau-mountain transition zone between Southeastern QTP and the Hengduan Mountains (XNⅡ+XNⅢ) were relatively unique. We revealed that different species of the same taxa in Cicadidae may exhibit obvious differentiation in ecological niches, i.e., the thermophilic species occurring in the low-altitude mountain-canyon-hill zones and the cold-adapted species in the alpine-subalpine zones. In addition, the distribution range of thermophilic species was relatively wider when compared with that of the cold-adapted species, which usually distribute also in the adjacent eastern and southern regions. In contrast, the cold-adapted species were mostly restricted to habitats of a high altitude in the “subalpine-alpine” zones, and many of them exhibit a “sky-island” distribution pattern, which was especially the case in the southern part of the Hengduan Mountains. The distribution, dispersal, diversification and adaptation of cicadas were severely affected by the massive mountains together with uplifted areas along the margin of QTP (in particular the south section of areas along the eastern margin) combined with the effects of climates. The results expanded our knowledge of the cicada fauna in China and were informative for research of biogeography and the mechanisms of biodiversity formation, maintenance and loss in areas along the eastern margin of QTP.

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