《环境昆虫学报》

我国水产养殖业近年来发展迅速，同时也增加了大量水产废弃物，小龙虾Procambarus clarkii废弃物就是其中之一。黑水虻Hermetia illucens能将有机废弃物转化成高附加值的昆虫蛋白，因此，本研究将小龙虾废弃物与蛋白含量较高的豆腐渣混合，设计6个不同混合比例的饲料，筛选出高转化率和高性价比的饲料配方，分析饲料中营养物质降解情况和预蛹的营养成分。结果表明：小龙虾废弃物与豆腐渣按照4∶1混合，黑水虻存活率较高（93.42%±2.65%），幼虫产量最高（44.27±1.30 g），料重比最低（2.26±0.07），预蛹粗蛋白含量可达43.93%±0.49%；饲料残渣中的粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量比原饲料均有降低，其中粗脂肪降幅最大，说明黑水虻对脂肪利用率很高。综合评价认为小龙虾废弃物与豆腐渣4∶1混合为本实验范围内最佳饲料配方，本研究为进一步利用黑水虻处理小龙虾废弃物奠定了基础。

英文摘要:

In recent years, the rapid development of aquaculture industry has increased the amount of aquatic waste, one of which was the crayfish waste. Hermetia illucens (Black soldier fly, BSF), is reported to transform wastes into high-value insect proteins. Thus in this paper, we applied BSF larvae to transform soybean curd residue and crayfish waste mixture in six different proportions. By analyzing the nutritional degradation of the feed and nutritional components of the prepupae, the optimum feed formulation with high conversion rate and high-cost performance was screened. The results showed that the mixture (crayfish waste∶soybean curd residue) with the ratio of 4∶1 led to the best performance of BSF, which had the highest larval survival rate (93.42%±2.65%), the highest larval yield (44.27±1.30 g), the lowest feed conversion ratio (2.26±0.07), and produced up to 43.93%±0.49% of the prepupal crude protein content. In addition, the content of crude protein and crude fat in the feed reduced after larval feeding, and the crude fat decreased the most, which implied that the larvae had a high utilization rate towards fat. Taken together, out results suggest that the 4∶1 mixture of crayfish waste and soybean curd residue was the optimum feed formulation to rear BSF larvae under the experimental range, which laid a foundation for further treatment of crayfish waste by BSF.

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