| 孙秋璇，李向策，谭小红，游翠红，董烨炜，高红燕，黄燕华，周萌,2023,黑水虻消化道形态及组织结构的观察[J].环境昆虫学报,45(5):1463-1475 |
| 黑水虻消化道形态及组织结构的观察 |
| Observations on morphology and histology of digestive tract in black soldier fly Hermetia illucens |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 黑水虻 消化道 形态学 组织学 |
| 英文关键词:Black soldier fly digestive tract morphology histology |
| 基金项目:广东省教育厅创新团队项目（2020KCXTD019）；省级农业科技创新推广及农业资源与生态环境保护建设项目（2021KJ115） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 本文比较了不同发育阶段黑水虻Hermetia illucens消化道的形态学差异，掌握了幼虫消化系统的组织学特征。利用体视镜观察黑水虻5龄幼虫、预蛹及成虫的消化道形态，利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察幼虫消化道各段（前肠、中肠、后肠）的显微及超微结构。结果表明：黑水虻幼虫及预蛹的消化道均由前肠（食道和前胃）、中肠及后肠组成，从幼虫到成虫，消化道的长度不断缩短。与幼虫和预蛹相比，成虫消化道形态变化明显，前胃消失，出现了嗉囊及胃盲囊，中肠进一步缩短，后肠分化为回肠、结肠和直肠。组织学观察结果显示，幼虫的唾液腺开口于口腔，由膨大的管状腺体和腺管组成。食道由特化为角质刺突的内膜层及发达的肌层组成，其末端延伸至前胃。前胃膨大为球状，包括三层组织结构。根据上皮细胞形态的差异，中肠可分为四个区段。后肠薄，肠腔内褶丰富，肠壁可见数量较多的杆状细菌。马氏管开口于中、后肠交界处，包括4支盲管，管内壁密布微绒毛。黑水虻消化道形态随发育阶段的变化，反映了各阶段摄食及消化生理的差异。幼虫消化道各段具有各自典型的组织学特征，其前、中、后肠可能分别承担了食物接纳与初步消化、消化与吸收以及重吸收功能。本研究结果为进一步了解黑水虻的消化生理特征提供了重要的形态学和组织学依据。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The differences of digestive tract morphology among different developmental stages of black soldier fly were compared and the digestive tract histology in larvae was investigated. The digestive tract morphology of the 5th instar larvae, pre-pupae and adult was observed by stereoscope, while the microstructure and ultrastructure of the digestive tract (foregut, midgut and hindgut) in larvae were observed by light microscope and scanning electron microscope. The foregut (oesophagus and proventriculus), midgut and hindgut formed the digestive tract of the larvae and pre-pupae, and the length of digestive tract became shorter with larvae growth. Compared with that of larvae and pre-pupae, great changes in digestive tract morphology were observed in adult: the crop and gastric caeca appeared, while the proventriculus disappeared. The midgut length was drastically reduced and the hindgut was differentiated into ileum, colon and rectum. The results of the digestive system histology in larvae showed, the salivary gland was composed of tubular gland and ducts, which opened into the mouth. The oesophagus was composed of keratinized intimal layer and well developed muscle layers, with its end extending downward into the proventriculus. The proventriculus was a multi-layer sack with three layers. The midgut could be divided into four segments according to the morphology of the epithelial cells. The hindgut had thin and folded intestinal wall, on which a large number of rod-shaped bacteria were found. The malpighian tubules with four blind tubes were located in the junction of midgut and hindgut, with clumps of microvilli on the inner wall. The variation of digestive tract morphology with developmental stages could reflect the changes in feeding and digestive physiology. Each segment of the digestive tract in larvae had its specific histological characteristics. The foregut, midgut and hindgut may undertake the functions of food reception and preliminary digestion, digestion and absorption, and reabsorption respectively. This present study provides important morphological evidence for further understanding the digestive physiology of black soldier fly. |
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