《环境昆虫学报》

作者	单位
李金涛，苗白鸽，彭艳琼	1. 云南大学生态与环境学院，昆明 650091；2. 中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园热带森林生态学重点实验室，云南勐腊 666303

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中文摘要:

中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园（简称“版纳植物园”）保存着上万种植物，且生境多样，具有较高的蝴蝶多样性。本研究选择三类代表性生境：片段化雨林、次生林和专类园，聚焦于环境指示物种蝴蝶这一类群，通过样线法系统调查一年内蝴蝶多样性及其变化。观测结果显示：蝴蝶在版纳植物园内全年发生，共调查到其成虫5科126属218种6 015头，其中蛱蝶科多样性最高。蝴蝶种类及数量随月动态变化，生境间有差异，7-8月种类和数量达到最高峰；1月种类最少，而5-6月数量最低；每月均出现的种类仅有12种，绝大部分种类分散发生于不同月份。影响蝴蝶群落多样性的气候因子中，月最高温显著影响蝴蝶群落的物种丰富度和数量，月最低温显著影响物种丰富度、香农多样性和辛普森多样性，月平均温仅显著影响香农多样性。在版纳的三个典型季节中蝴蝶多样性存在差异，雨季物种丰富度最高，干热季香农和辛普森指数最高；雨季和雾凉季蝴蝶群落组成差异大，仅雾凉季与干热季的蝴蝶群落呈现中等程度相似。此外，在片段化雨林、次生林和专类园这3种不同生境中，蝴蝶群落组成也存在差异，蝴蝶物种丰富度和香农指数在次生林中最高，而辛普森指数则是片段化雨林最高；仅次生林与片段化雨林的蝴蝶群落呈现出中等程度相似。本研究揭示了版纳植物园蝴蝶群落的种类组成与月动态变化规律，并明确了不同季节和生境中蝴蝶群落的多样性变化，可为区域蝴蝶多样性观测及保护提供参考依据。

英文摘要:

There are more than 10 000 plant species at Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden (XTBG) which has different habitats and higher butterfly diversity. In this study, three typical habitats, including fragmented rainforest, secondary forest, and special garden, were selected. We focused on butterflies that were the superior indicator species for the environmental changes and investigated the butterfly species and their diversity by transects. The results showed that butterflies occurred around a year at XTBG. A total of 6 015 individuals of 218 species belonging to 5 families and 126 genera were observed. Among five families, the species diversity of Nymphalidae was the highest. The number of butterfly species and individuals dynamically changed with months and existed differences among habitats. Both the species and individuals reached their peaks in July and August. The number of species was the lowest in January, while the individuals appeared the lowest in May and June. Among 218 species, only 12 species of butterflies occurred every month, and most of the species dispersedly appeared in different months. Among climatic factors influencing butterfly diversity, the monthly maximum temperature significantly influenced butterfly species and abundance, the monthly minimum temperature significantly affected species richness, Shannon diversity, and Simpson diversity, and the mean monthly temperature only affected Shannon diversity. The species composition of butterfly communities in the rainy season and cool foggy season were separated, and only butterfly communities in the cool foggy season and hot dry season showed medium similarity. Moreover, the diversity of butterfly communities was also different in three typical habitats, in which the richness and Shannon index were the highest in the secondary forest, but the Simpson index was the highest in the fragmented rainforest, and only butterfly communities in the fragmented rainforest and secondary forest showed the medium similarity. Finally, we revealed the species composition of the butterfly community, and the changes in diversity with months, and discovered the effects of different seasons and habitats on the change of butterfly diversity at XTBG, which could provide the scientific basis for the regional monitoring and conservation of butterfly diversity.

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