《环境昆虫学报》

作者	单位
牛国霜，李莉，唐明	1. 贵州师范大学生命科学学院，贵阳 550025；2. 贵州师范大学西南喀斯特山地生物多样性保护国家林草局重点实验室，贵阳 550025

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中文摘要:

本研究以管氏肿腿蜂 Sclerodermus guani 雌成蜂为研究对象，拟探明寄生蜂密度对其寄生及繁衍能力的影响，为该寄生蜂行为生物学研究提供科学依据。本研究以松墨天牛 Monochamus alternatus 幼虫（0.350~0.450 g）为寄主，设置8种不同雌蜂密度（1~8头/寄主），对比分析不同雌蜂密度下，管氏肿腿蜂的寄生行为和效能，以及雌蜂生殖力和子代适合度变化。结果表明，随雌蜂密度增加，管氏肿腿蜂蛰刺发生前历时、寄主麻痹历时及产卵前历时均缩短。基于Hassell-Varley数据模型分析(E =0.9023×P^-0.9378），雌蜂的寻找效应随自身密度增加而逐渐变小，雌蜂间的干扰降低了寄生效能。雌蜂生殖力随其密度增加而降低，单雌平均产卵量及产雌量明显下降，雌蜂密度为1头/寄主时，单雌产卵量分别是4头/寄主和8头/寄主处理下的1.4倍和2.4倍。子代适合度也随雌蜂密度增加而变化，子代发育历期明显缩短，低龄幼虫存活率和单雌体重均下降。雌蜂密度为1头/寄主时，其子代发育历期最长，平均为26.7 d，8头/寄主时最短，平均为24.0 d。雌蜂密度为1头/寄主时低龄幼虫存活率和单雌体重分别是8头/寄主时的1.1倍和2.1倍。随雌蜂密度增加，子代雄性比呈小幅下降趋势，大多数处理子代雄性比低于15%。多头雌蜂寄生可提高克服寄主效率，缩短子代发育历期，增加子代数量，雌蜂密度为4头/寄主时可达到繁殖利益最大化。

英文摘要:

This study aims to explore the effects of parasitoid densities on the parasitism and reproduction efficiency of Sclerodermus guani， so as to provide scientific evidence for its behavioral biology. Taking Monochamus alternatus larvae (0.350~0.450 g) as hosts, the parasitic behavior, parasitism efficiency and fecundity of female S.guani， as well as the changes of offspring performance, were analyzed at different parasite density (1 to 8 parasites per host). With the increase of foundress's parasite density, the durations before first stinging, host paralysis and pre-oviposition of S. guani were shortened. As analytical model Hassell-Varley: E=0.9023×P^-0.9378 showed, the foundress's searching efficiency reduced with the increase of parasite density, and the interference among females lessened parasitism efficiency. Additionally the fecundity of foundress decreased with the increase of parasitism density, as the oviposition per female and number of female offspring significantly declined. At density of 1 female per host, the number of eggs was 1.4 and 2.4 times of 4 and 8 females per host. Besides, the offspring performance changed with the increase of parasitoid density, both the duration of offspring development, the survival rate of early instar larvae and the weight of single offspring female significantly reduced respectively. At density of 1 female per host, the duration of offspring development was averagely 26.7 d, being the longest. While the shortest duration was 24.0 d at 8 female per host. The survival rate of larvae and the weight of single offspring female were 1.1 and 2.1 times of that at 8 female per host. Among offspring, the male proportion were less than 15% throught all experimental treatments and showed a slight downward trend with the increase of foundress's parasite density. Overall, multiple parasitoid could improve the parasitism efficiency, shorten the development duration of offspring, increase the number of offspring, and achieve the maximum reproductive benefit when the density of parasitoid was 4 females per host.

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