《环境昆虫学报》

作者	单位
应晨希，吴小芹，温彤玥，张岩	1. 南京林业大学南方现代林业协同创新中心，南京林业大学林学院，南京 210037；2. 江苏省有害生物入侵预防与控制重点实验室，南京 210007

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中文摘要:

为探讨松材线虫Bursaphelenchus xylophilus和拟松材线虫Bursaphelenchus mucronatus在菌食和植食阶段的种群繁殖力对环境温度的响应及其与种群致病力的关系，本研究对不同致病力的松材线虫和拟松材线虫，通过单异活体培养（菌食）和接种寄主黑松（植食）两种方式，探讨了不同温度条件下线虫种群孵化率、繁殖量和后代性比等繁殖参数的变化情况。结果表明，在单异活体培养时，供试的松材线虫强毒和弱毒虫株以及拟松材线虫有毒和无毒虫株在25℃下均具有最高的卵孵化率；不同致病力的松材线虫和拟松材线虫种群具有不同的最适生长温度，松材线虫强致病力虫株ZJ在35℃出现最大繁殖量，弱致病力虫株YW4在30℃下繁殖最多，而拟松材线虫无致病力虫株JNL10和有致病力虫株15#则在25℃下繁殖量较大。但总体来看，在25~35℃下，松材线虫ZJ虫株和YW4虫株繁殖量无显著性差异，而拟松材线虫JNL10虫株和15#虫株的繁殖量具有显著差异。在寄主体内，15~20℃时松材线虫ZJ虫株和YW4虫株繁殖量无显著性差异，25~35℃时，松材线虫ZJ虫株的繁殖量明显高于YW4虫株；而在各个温度下，拟松材线虫繁殖量基本低于松材线虫弱毒虫株YW4且远远低于强毒虫株ZJ。在单异活体培养下大部分经不同温度处理线虫种群的雌雄性比都大于2.0；而在寄主黑松体内各个虫株的种群性比均低于1.5，其中松材线虫种群的雌雄性比多数低于1.0，且随着温度的升高（15~30℃）出现先上升后下降的趋势；拟松材线虫各处理的种群雌雄性比在1.0~1.5之间，且随着温度的上升而上升。表明在不同温度下，单异活体培养阶段的松材线虫和拟松材线虫的种群增长与其致病力不呈相关性；而在寄主体内，不同温度条件下的松材线虫和拟松材线虫的繁殖力与其致病性存在正相关关系，致病力越强的虫株，其繁殖力越大。

英文摘要:

In order to explore the response of population reproduction of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and Bursaphelenchus mucronatus to environmental temperature and its relationship with population pathogenicity at the stage of fungus feeding and phytophagous, the hatchability, reproduction and sex radio were studied by fungus-feeding and inoculation with host pines of B.xylophilus and B.mucronatus with different pathogenicity. The results showed that the highly virulent and the weakly virulent strains of B.xylophilus and the virulent and avirulent strains of B.mucronatus had the highest egg hatching rate at 25℃, and the different pathogenicity of B.xylophilus and B.mucronatus had different optimum growth temperatures. The highly virulent strain of B.xylophilus ZJ had the maximum reproduction rate of 35℃ while the weakly virulent strain YW4 reproduced the most at 30℃, and the B.mucronatus 15# and JNL10 strains were at 25℃. The sex radio of most nematodes treated with different temperatures under fungus feeding stage was greater than 2.0; while the population radio of each strain in host pines was lower than 1.5; and the population radio of B.xylophilus was mostly lower than 1.0 with the increase of temperature (15~30℃). The sex redio of each treatment of B.mucronatus was 1.0~1.5 and it increased with the increase of temperature. It showed that the population growth of B.xylophilus and B.mucronatus in the fungus feeding stage was not positively correlated with its pathogenicity at different temperatures; while in the host (phytophagous stage), the population growth of B.xylophilus was positively correlated with its pathogenicity and the population growth of B.mucronatus was not positively correlated with its virulence. The sex radio of the progeny of the nematode population could be adjusted accordingly with changes in culture and parasitic conditions. Taken together, B.xylophilus and B.mucronatus with different pathogenicity have various responses to temperature in the fungus feeding stage and the phytophagous stage.

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