《环境昆虫学报》

作者	单位
王琪，龚高芬，袁近津，郝虹杰，孟迪，许静蕾，刘衡，李跃华，肖怀	1.云南省昆虫生物医药研发重点实验室，药用特种昆虫开发国家地方联合工程研究中心，中国西南药用昆虫及蛛形类资源开发利用协同创新中心，云南大理 671000；2.大理大学药学院，云南大理 671000；3 大理大学分析测试中心，云南大理 671000

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中文摘要:

喙尾琵琶甲Blaps rynchopetera Fairmaire是云南彝族长期广泛使用的昆虫药物，其虫体和防御液均具有很高的药用价值。为明确药用昆虫喙尾琵琶甲刺激性防御液的组成、组分含量及抗菌活性的季节性变化，本研究通过常规饲养喙尾琵琶甲成虫，每月初对该昆虫尾部采用直接刺激法收集防御液，观察其状态特征，应用GC-MS分析其组成及组分含量变化，并选择具有季节特征月份的防御液测定其对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、白色假丝酵母菌的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）。结果表明，防御液月采集率为0.06%~0.40%，年均采集率0.22%，月间分泌量差异较大。不同月份采集的防御液的状态及抑菌效果亦有所差异，在气温较低月份采集的防御液不分层，颜色为红棕色，采集的量相对偏低，对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌和白色假丝酵母菌的MIC等于或大于512 μg/mL；气温较高的月份所得防御液，分层情况良好，液体呈现黄棕色，采集的量相对偏高，对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC为64 μg/mL，大肠埃希菌的MIC为256 μg/mL，白色假丝酵母菌的MIC为512 μg/mL。通过GC-MS分析鉴定出喙尾琵琶甲防御液中的6个主要组分：对苯醌，2-甲基-1,4-苯醌，2-乙基-1,4-苯醌，1-十三烯、2-甲基-1,4-苯二酚和4-乙基-1,3-苯二酚，比较发现1-12月间采集防御液的主要成分及各组分相对含量差异较大。综上所述，喙尾琵琶甲刺激性防御液的组成、组分含量及抗菌活性会呈现出季节性的差异，其抗菌活性的差异与醌类、酚类组分相对含量的变化有关。

英文摘要:

Blaps rynchopetera Fairmaire is a medicinal insect that has been used by the Yi Minority in Yunnan for generations. The body of the insect and its defensin both have significant medicinal value. The purpose of this paper was to clarify how the composition, content, and antibacterial of the defensin vary, according to seasonal changes. At the beginning of each month, we extracted the defensin by direct stimulation of the tail of insects that were fed conventionally. We observed the characteristics of the solution and analyzed its composition and content changes using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Furthermore, we tested defensin with different seasonal characteristics to determine their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. Results indicated that the monthly collection rate was 0.06%~0.40%, while the average annual collection rate was 0.22%. The properties and antibacterial activity of the B. rynchopetera defensin collected in different months vary considerably. In months with lower temperatures, there was no layering, and the color of the defensin was reddish-brown. Besides, its MIC for S. aureus, E. coli, and C. albicans was more than 512 μg/mL. In the warmer months, the defensin was brown, and its MIC levels were 64 μg/mL for S. aureus, 256 μg/mL for E. coli, and 512 μg/mL for C. albicans. Six constituents were identified by GC-MS analysis: p-benzoquinone; 2-methyl-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione; 2-ethyl-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione; 1-tridecene; 2-methyl-1,4-benzenediol; and 4-ethyl-1,3-benzenediol. The analysis confirmed that there are indeed seasonal variations in the B. rynchopetera defensin and showed that the seasonal differences of antibacterial activity was related with the content change of quinones and phenols.

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