| 林涛，何丽云，王帆，李炳根，阿提克穆·麦麦提，周仁辉，程薪宇,2023,马家柚花部特征及其访花昆虫种类调查[J].环境昆虫学报,45(1):101-113 |
| 马家柚花部特征及其访花昆虫种类调查 |
| The floral characteristics and its flower-visiting insects' species investigation of Citrus maxima (L.)Osbeck cv. ‘Majiayou’ |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 马家柚 花部特征 挥发油 访花昆虫 访花行为 |
| 英文关键词:Citrus maxima (L.)Osbeck cv. ‘Majiayou’ floral syndrome essential oil flower-visiting insects visiting behaviors |
| 基金项目:江西省教育厅科学技术项目（GJJ201716；GJJ201720）；上饶师范学院校级自选课题（202138,202139） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 马家柚是江西优质水果品种，但自花授粉结实率低，需要异花传粉。昆虫是自然界中重要的传粉媒介，通过调查马家柚访花昆虫种类和了解马家柚的花部特征，可为使用昆虫实现马家柚授粉提供参考依据。本研究首先调查了马家柚的访花昆虫种类，其次对马家柚花不同形态参数进行测量，并采用蒸馏法提取马家柚鲜花的精油及利用GC-MS分析挥发油的组分。马家柚共有访花昆虫23种，隶属于5目 12科，其中中华蜜蜂Apis cerana cerana是最常见的访花昆虫。马家柚的花为双性花，具白色花瓣，黄色花药和绿色柱头。花朵盛开后，花瓣分离，呈辐射对称。雄蕊围绕雌蕊着生，花丝28~47枚。雌蕊具近球形柱头，直径为5.10±0.88 mm，表面具乳白色液体。从马家柚花挥发油中共获得78种化合物，鉴定出其中73种，相对含量占99.40%。挥发油中萜类化合物种类最多，共有39种，相对含量为70.19%；其次是脂肪酸衍生物，有30种，相对含量为28.53%；苯环类化合物4种，相对含量为0.60%。含量较高的组分是法尼醇，α-橙花叔醇和芳樟醇，其含量分别是28.48%、12.85%、10.12%。马家柚访花昆虫种类多样，这可能与其花部结构特征及丰富多样的挥发物作为视觉和嗅觉信号吸引不同类型昆虫有关。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Citrus maxima (L.)Osbeck cv. ‘Majiayou’ is a high-quality fruit cultivar in Jiangxi Province, but the self-pollination rate is low and requires cross-pollination. Insects are an important pollinator in nature. By investigating the species of flower-visiting insects and understanding the floral syndrome of this pomelo could provide a reference for the use of insects for pollination. In this study, we first investigated the species of flower-visiting insects of C. maxima (L.)Osbeck cv. ‘Majiayou’, then different morphological parameters were obtained by measurement, and the volatile compounds of essential oil of the fresh flower from this pomelo were analyzed by steam distillation combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). There were 23 species of visiting flower insects, belonging to 5 orders and 12 families, among which Apis cerana cerana were the most common visiting species. C. maxima (L.)Osbeck cv. ‘Majiayou’ was a bisexual flower with white petals, yellow anther and green stigma. After the flowers bloom, the petals separated with radiative symmetry. The stamens had 28~47 filaments and surround the pistil. The pistil had a near spherical stigma with a diameter of 5.10±0.88 mm, stigma surface with milky white liquid. A total of 78 compounds were obtained from the pomelo flower essential oil, of which 73 were identified, and the relative content accounted for 99.40%. The essential oil had the largest kinds of terpenoids, 39, relative content of 70.19%, followed by 30 fatty acid derivatives, relative content of 28.53%; 4 benzenoids compounds, relative content of 0.60%. The higher components were farnesol, α-nerolidol and linalol, containing 28.48%, 12.85% and 10.12%, respectively. The variety of flower insects of C. maxima (L.)Osbeck cv. ‘Majiayou’, which might be related to its floral structural characteristics and diverse volatiles as visual and olfactory signals to attract different types of insects. |
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