《环境昆虫学报》

作者	单位
范荣莉，王康，季文娜，陈孝梅，蔺哲广，吉挺	1. 扬州大学动物科学与技术学院，江苏扬州 225009；2.扬州大学园艺与植物保护学院，江苏扬州 225009

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中文摘要:

本研究以吡虫啉为例，旨在探讨不同环境温度下亚致死浓度农药对意大利蜜蜂 Apis mellifera ligustica 急性毒性、免疫基因和解毒酶系活性的影响。通过人工饲喂法确定不同温度（25和35℃）下吡虫啉对1日龄蜜蜂的经口急性毒性，并根据毒力曲线计算得到25℃环境的LC 10 为4.032 mg/L。人工饲喂蜜蜂2 μL该浓度吡虫啉，分别放置于25℃和35℃环境24 h。比较两种温度环境中农药对蜜蜂的急性毒性，测定免疫基因表达、解毒酶和乙酰胆碱脂酶活性。25℃和35℃环境中吡虫啉对蜜蜂经口性半数致死浓度LC 50 分别为：11.074 mg/L和8.948 mg/L；对比25℃环境，35℃环境与吡虫啉产生协同效应，显著增加农药急性致死性（ P <0.05）。LC 10 吡虫啉能够抑制蜜蜂 Abaecin、 Apisimin、Defensin 1和 Defensin 2 的表达，其中Abaecin、 Apisimin抑制效果显著（ P <0.05）；对解毒酶系酶活性测定发现，细胞色素450和羧酸酯酶活性在25℃和35℃环境均出现激活升高（ P <0.05），且25℃环境中CYP450激活效果显著高于其在35℃中（ P<0.05 ）。乙酰胆碱酯酶的活性在农药处理后显著降低（ P<0.05 ），但在不同温度中无显著变化（ P >0.05）。初步发现环境因子会与农药产生协同效应影响农药的急性致死毒性，其结果可能具有一般普遍性，这为蜜蜂安全性保护和农药安全使用评价提供新的方向。

英文摘要:

This study uses imidacloprid as an example to investigate the effects of sublethal concentrations of pesticides on the acute toxicity immune genes and detoxifying enzyme activities of Apis mellifera ligustica at different ambient temperatures. The oral acute toxicity of imidacloprid to 1-day-old honeybees at different temperatures (25℃ and 35℃)was determined by artificial feeding method, and the LC 10 of the environment at 25℃ was calculated to be 4.032 mg/L based on the virulence curve 2 μL of this concentration of imidacloprid was artificially fed to honeybees and placed in 25 and 35℃ environments for 24 hours. The acute toxicity of pesticides to bees in two temperature environments was compared, and immune gene expression, detoxifying enzyme and acetylcholine lipase activity were measured.The oral LC 50 of imidacloprid to bees at 25 and 35℃ were 11.074 mg/L and 8.948 mg/L respectively; compared with the 25℃ environment, the 35℃ environment produced a synergistic effect with imidacloprid, which significantly increased the acute lethality of pesticides ( P <0.05). LC10 imidacloprid could inhibit the expression of honeybees Abaecin, Apisimin, Defensin 1 and Defensin 2 (P <0.05), among which Abaecin and Apidaecin have significant inhibitory effects ( P <0.05); The measurement of detoxifying enzyme system enzyme activity showed that cytochrome 450 (CYP450)and carboxylesterase (CarE)activities increased activation at 25 and 35℃ ( P <0.05), and CYP450 activation effect at 25℃ stronger than at 35℃ ( P <0.05). Acetylcholinesterase activity was significantly decreased by imidacloprid pesticide ( P <0.05), but there was no significant change in different temperatures. It was initially found that different environmental temperatures could regulate the acute toxicity of imidacloprid pesticides to honeybees, and the synergy of the two would affect the immunity and detoxifying enzyme system of honeybees to varying degrees. Our work revealed the synergistic effects of imidacloprid pesticides and ambient temperature in honeybees. The results may be general and provide new research perspectives for pesticide safety evaluation and honeybee protection.

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