| 杜雪勇，李浩森，陈培涛，庞虹,2021,饲养瓢虫的替代食物：利用地中海粉螟卵与油菜花粉连续多代饲喂稻红瓢虫[J].环境昆虫学报,(2):305-314 |
| 饲养瓢虫的替代食物：利用地中海粉螟卵与油菜花粉连续多代饲喂稻红瓢虫 |
| Alternative foods for the rearing of a ladybird: Successive generations of the Micraspis discolor fed on Ephestia kuehniella eggs and Brassica campestris pollen |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 稻红瓢虫 地中海粉螟卵 油菜花粉 历期 雌性比 体重 繁殖力 寿命 |
| 英文关键词:Micraspis discolor Ephestia kuehniella eggs Brassica campestris pollen period female rate weight fecundity life span |
| 基金项目:广州市科技计划项目（201904020041）；国家科技基础条件平台工作重点项目（2005DKA21402）；国家动物标本资源库资助 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 稻红瓢虫 Micraspis discolor (Fabricius)是稻田害虫捕食性天敌优势种之一，捕食包括蓟马、稻蚜、叶蝉、飞虱 Delphacidae 、鳞翅目幼虫和卵等多种水稻害虫，对褐飞虱 Nilaparvata lugens 有控制作用。为了筛选出稻红瓢虫系统化饲养适宜的替代食物，本研究利用地中海粉螟Ephestia kuehniella Zeller卵和油菜花粉分别连续4代饲养稻红瓢虫，分析各代不同食物处理后幼虫各龄的历期、死亡率、雌性比、雌雄体重间的差异，同时也对比了两种处理F2代间雌虫的繁殖力及雌雄成虫的寿命。实验发现，食用地中海粉螟卵的稻红瓢虫比食用油菜花粉的表现力更佳，具体表现为稻红瓢虫取食地中海粉螟卵的幼虫各代历期显著短于取食油菜花粉的处理（P<0.05），F1~F3代取食地中海粉螟卵的稻红瓢虫比取食油菜花粉的稻红瓢虫具有较高的雌性比例(38.46%~41.07% vs 50.75%~55.56%)，取食地中海粉螟卵的各代初羽化稻红瓢虫体重始终大于取食油菜花粉的各代稻红瓢虫。油菜花粉饲喂的F2代雌性稻红瓢虫产卵前期大约是同期地中海粉螟卵处理的2倍多（P<0.05），且稻红瓢虫取食地中海粉螟卵后的最初30天产卵量大于油菜花粉处理，喂饲地中海粉螟卵的F2代稻红瓢虫雌雄成虫寿命比喂饲油菜花粉的F2代稻红瓢虫长。综合分析幼虫发育和繁殖力结果，地中海粉螟卵比油菜花粉更适合稻红瓢虫的生长发育，稻红瓢虫在连续多代饲喂地中海粉螟卵后比饲喂油菜花粉有着更稳定的幼虫发育指标，表明地中海粉螟卵比油菜花粉更适合作为稻红瓢虫系统化扩繁的替代食物。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Micraspis discolor is one of the key predators in the rice agricultural system, preying on a variety of rice pests, including thrips, aphids, leafhoppers, plant hoppers, and larvae and eggs of Lepidoptera, and it also has potential for the control of brown planthopper. To obtain a suitable alternative food for the rearing of M. discolor, we used Ephestia kuehniella eggs and Brassica campestris pollen as food for 4 successive generations, and assessed the larval periods, mortalities, female rates, female/male weight; also, the fecundity and female/male life span of the F2 was compared among the two treatments. Ladybirds fed with the E.kuehniella eggs performed better than those offered B. campestris pollen: larvae developed faster on E. kuehniella eggs than on B. campestris pollen in each generation; the F1~F3 generations of M. discolor fed with E. kuehniella eggs had a higher rate of females than those given pollen (38.46%~41.07% vs 50.75%~55.56%), and the newly emerged adults fed with E. kuehniella eggs were heavier than those maintained on B. campestris in each generation. The pre oviposition period of M.discolor on B. campestris pollen was about two fold longer than on E. kuehneilla eggs in F2, whereas the latter were more fecund than the former in the first 30 days; the female and male adults in F2 fed with the E. kuehniella eggs had a longer life span than their counterparts offered pollen. Based on the ladybird’s developmental and reproductive performance over successive generations, E. kuehniella eggs are more suitable than B. campestris pollen as the alternative food in the mass rearing of M. discolor. |
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