《环境昆虫学报》

为全面了解新疆农田系统瓢虫资源组成以及多样性结构差异，本研究采用网捕法于2018年、2019年连续两年对新疆11个地州50个县/市/区15种农作物生境的406个采集点开展了瓢虫资源系统调查。结果表明：共获7 001号瓢虫标本，隶属3亚科13属26种，其中多异瓢虫 Hippodamia variegata 为绝对优势种类，其个体数量占比达55.11%，深点食螨瓢虫 Stethorus punctillum 、龟纹瓢虫 Propylea japonica 等10种为常见种；不同生境瓢虫群落多样性分析显示，苜蓿田和麦田的丰富度指数(5.598150、7.546581)、多样性指数(0.874884、0.708508)、均匀度指数(0.661678、0.544575)都较高，但优势度指数则分别仅为0.224261、0.342884；大豆田和西瓜田的多样性指数、丰富度指数以及均匀度指数均显著低于其他生境类型( P＜0.05)，但优势度指数远高于其他生境，为0.663091、0.658502，可见苜蓿田、麦田等生境瓢虫物种数和个体数量丰富，且分布均匀，而大豆田和西瓜田种类相对贫乏，且分布不均匀；不同地州的瓢虫群落多样性分析显示，伊犁州的丰富度指数(7.363638)、多样性指数(0.970345)、均匀度指数(0.712583)都较高，但优势度指数仅为0.135821；阿克苏地区的多样性指数、丰富度指数以及均匀度指数都显著低于其他地州，但优势度指数远高于其他地州，为0.663477，可见伊犁州的瓢虫物种数和个体数量丰富，且分布均匀，而阿克苏地区种类相对贫乏，且分布不均匀；不同海拔带瓢虫群落多样性分析则显示，300 m~1 300 m海拔区间农田瓢虫群落多样性指数和丰富度指数显著高于其它海拔区间，且低海拔(-130 m~300 m)或高海拔(1 600 m~2 800 m)区间的瓢虫群落丰富度和多样性指数较低，但优势度较高，这表明300 m~1 300 m海拔区间内瓢虫种类比较丰富，而在低海拔或高海拔区间农田生境内的瓢虫物种贫乏，个体数量也比较少。本研究基本明确了新疆农田系统瓢虫资源组成及多样性，揭示了其生态系统和生物多样性保护中的重要价值，同时为生物防治提供了丰富捕食性天敌瓢虫资源。

英文摘要:

In order to fully understand the composition and diversity of ladybug resources in Xinjiang farmland system, a systematic survey of ladybug resources was conducted at 406 collection points of 15 crop habitats in 50 countries/cities/districts in 11 prefectures in 2018 and 2019 by using the net capture method. The results showed that 7 001 ladybug specimens were collected, belonging to 26 species of 13 genera in 3 subfamilies. Among them, Hippodamia variegata was the dominant species, with the individual number up to 55.11%, Stethorus punctillum, Propylea japonica and 10 others were common species. The diversity analysis of ladybug communities in different habitats showed that the richness index (5.598150, 7.546581), diversity index (0.874884, 0.708508)and evenness index (0.661678, 0.544575)of alfalfa and wheat fields were all higher, but the dominance index was only 0.224261 and 0.342884 respectively. Diversity index, richness index and evenness index in soybean fields and watermelon field were significantly lower than those of other habitat types (P<0.05), but the dominance index was much higher than other habitat, only 0.663091 and 0.658502 respectively, it could be seen that alfalfa field, wheat field were rich in ladybug species and distributed even, while soybean fields and watermelon fields were relatively poor in ladybug species, and distributed uneven. Diversity analysis of ladybug communities in different regions showed that the richness index (7.363638), diversity index (0.970345)and evenness index (0.712583)in Yili were the highest, but the dominance index was only 0.135821. The diversity index, richness index and evenness index of Aksu region were significantly lower than those of other prefectures, but the dominance index was much higher than that of other prefectures (0.663477). It could be seen that the number of species and individuals of ladybug in Yili prefecture was the most abundant and distributed even, while the species in Aksu region was relatively scant and distributed uneven. In different elevations ladybug community diversity analysis indicates that diversity index and richness index of farmland ladybug community at 300 m~1 300 m above sea level were significantly higher than that of elevations, and the richness and diversity index of the beetles community at low altitude (-130 m~300 m)or high altitude (1 600 m~2 800 m)were low, but the dominance index was higher, which indicates that ladybug species within 300 m~1 300 m above sea level was more abundant, but the ladybug species and individuals in the lowest or highest elevations relatively poor.This study basically clarified the composition and diversity of ladybug resources in Xinjiang farmland system, which has important value in ecosystem and biodiversity conservation, and providing rich predatory natural enemy ladybug resources for biological control.

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