《环境昆虫学报》

作者	单位
梁焱，吴华，韩日畴，曹莉	1. 仲恺农业工程学院，广州 510225；2. 广东省科学院动物研究所，广东省动物保护与资源利用重点实验室，广东省野生动物保护与利用公共实验室，广州 510260

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中文摘要:

冬虫夏草Chinese cordyceps是食药两用的传统名贵资源。其人工培养需要冬虫夏草菌Ophiocordyceps sinensis的优质芽生孢子。为获得高产量及高感染力芽生孢子，本研究测定不同糖类培养基对冬虫夏草菌芽生孢子产量及毒力（对小金蝠蛾Thitarodes xiaojinensis幼虫的存活率、携菌率和僵虫率）的影响。两个冬虫夏草菌株于含6种糖（葡萄糖、果糖、阿拉伯糖、麦芽糖、蔗糖和海藻糖）的液体培养基中分别培养30、45和60 d，计数芽生孢子产量并将收集的孢子注射感染两个品系的小金蝠蛾6龄幼虫，置于不同温度下观察幼虫的存活率、携菌率及僵虫率。结果显示：不同糖源培养基中芽生孢子的产量差异显著，其中含麦芽糖培养基中芽生孢子产量最高；注射菌株和幼虫品系对被注射幼虫的存活率无显著差异；不同糖源培养基获得的芽生孢子对蝠蛾幼虫的存活率无显著差异，对携菌率和僵虫率产生影响；以含麦芽糖为糖源的培养基、芽生孢子培养时间显著影响被注射幼虫的存活率与僵虫率，其中培养30 d的冬虫夏草菌所注射的幼虫的存活率、僵虫率显著高于60 d的；温度也显著影响被注射幼虫的存活率、僵虫率，10℃的幼虫存活率和僵虫率显著高于14℃、18℃的。研究结果为培养优质冬虫夏草芽生孢子，提高被侵染蝙蝠蛾幼虫僵虫率提供了参考。

英文摘要:

Chinese cordyceps is a traditional valuable resource for food and medicine. Artificial cultivation of Chinese cordyceps requires high-quality blastospores of Ophiocordyceps sinensis. In order to obtain high yield and virulence blastospores, the effects of the media containing different sugars on the yields and virulence (survival rates、fungal retention rate and mummified rate of the infected Thitarodes larvae) of O. sinensis blastospores were determined. Two O. sinensis strains were cultured in the liquid media with different sugars for 30, 45 and 60 days, respectively, and the blastospore yields were determined. These spores were used to inject the 6th instar larvae of T. xiaojinensis, and the survival rates, fungal retention rates and mummified rates of the infected Thitarodes larvae were obtained. The results showed that blastospore yields from different media was significantly different, with highest yield obtained from the medium containing maltose. Larval survival rates were not different by the injected fungal strains and larval strains. Fungal retention rates and mummified rates of the infected Thitarodes larvae were influenced by the blastospores from different media, but the survival rates were not much different. The fungal culture times significantly affected the larval survival and mummified rates, and the blastospores from 30 d cultures produced significantly higher rates than those from 60 d cultures from the maltose-containing cultures. The temperatures also significantly affected the survival rates and mummified rates of the injected larvae, and the larval survival and mummified rates at 10℃ were significantly higher than those at 14℃ and 18℃. The results provide a reference for producing high-quality O. sinensis blastospores and increasing the mummified rates of the injected larvae.

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