| 芦超，丁玎，陈兵,2020,昆虫对环境低氧的适应：生理和分子机制研究进展[J].环境昆虫学报,42(1):82-93 |
| 昆虫对环境低氧的适应：生理和分子机制研究进展 |
| Adaptation to environmental hypoxia in insects: Progresses in physiological and molecular mechanisms |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 低氧适应 昆虫 气管系统 能量代谢 生长发育 |
| 英文关键词:Hypoxia adaptation insects tracheal system energy metabolism growth and development |
| 基金项目:河北省高校百名优秀创新人才支持计划（SLRC2019019）;国家自然科学基金（31661143048，31872304） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 氧是机体进行新陈代谢和维持生存的必要因素。低氧环境在自然界普遍存在，也是许多重大疾病（如癌症）发生过程中基本的病理生理特征。生物包括昆虫在其生存和发育过程中经常面对低氧的挑战，它们发展出了各自的适应策略以求得生存和繁荣壮大。昆虫对于低氧环境适应包括在气管系统通气量、气体交换模式、体型大小和发育时间等生理机制上的改变。为揭示昆虫低氧适应机制，研究人员针对不同昆虫采用了来自人工选择或者自然选择的品系（种群），使用了基因芯片表达和转录组测序、基因组重测序技术和基因操作等技术。基于这些方法研究发现，在分子机制方面，昆虫可以通过抑制能量代谢、提高氧气利用率来适应低氧环境；还可以通过胰岛素通路、低氧诱导因子（HIF）信号通路等来调节自身代谢活动从而适应环境低氧；除此之外，昆虫的气管系统可以在基因调控下通过代偿性生理和形态变化来适应低氧环境。昆虫低氧适应机制的研究为探求昆虫数亿年进化过程中体形改变、物种形成、种群动态等提供提供新的视野，也增进对动物应对低氧或缺氧机理的深入理解，特别是为研究人类重大疾病的发生提供重要启示。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Oxygen (O2) is essential for metabolism and survival of all organisms Hypoxic environment is ubiquitous in nature. It is also the basic pathophysiological feature of many major diseases such as cancer. Organisms, including insects, often face the challenge of hypoxia and thus have evolved adaptation strategies to survive and thrive. Adaptation to environmental hypoxia in insects involves changes in ventilation of tracheal systems, gas exchange patterns, body size, and developmental time. Researchers have adopted insect lines from laboratory selection or populations from natural selection for the analysis. The techniques employed include microarray,transcriptome sequencing, whole genome resequencing and genetic or expression manipulation. Mechanistically, insects can adapt to hypoxic environment by reducing energy metabolism and/or increasing oxygen utilization rate. They can also regulate their own metabolic activities in response to hypoxia through insulin pathway and hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) signaling pathway. In addition, the insect's tracheal system can adapt to hypoxic conditions through compensatory physiological and morphological changes regulated by genetic pathways. Such mechanistic studies on insects provide novel respective on body size changes, speciation, dynamics and migration of insect populations in their thousands of millions of yearsevolution. Such findings also facilitate our understanding of the response of animals to hypoxia or anoxia, and have significant implications for important human diseases. |
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