《环境昆虫学报》

作者	单位
宫庆涛，耿军，张坤鹏，武海斌，刘晓，孙瑞红*	（1 山东省果树研究所，山东泰安 271000；2 山东省农业科学院淄博分院，山东淄博255000）

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中文摘要:

昆虫色斑型与基因型的关联性以及与环境适应性的关系，是昆虫学的研究热点之一。异色瓢虫 Harmonia axyridis Pallas作为一种重要的昆虫色斑多型性资源，受到广泛重视。本文于2012-2015年通过调查统计泰安市异色瓢虫不同时期鞘翅底色、不同位置斑点、联斑、二窗型和四窗型、性比等指标的变化特点，并进行了多项式拟合、χ2（卡方）检验和相关性分析，明确了异色瓢虫色斑型和性比的周年变化特点及其与月平均气温的关系。结果表明,浅色型异色瓢虫中，浅色型、不同位置斑点和联斑数量比例均随月份先降后升，与月平均温度显著负相关，均在夏季出现最低值。深色型中，深色型数量比例随月份先升后降，与月平均温度显著正相关；其中的二窗型数量比例在夏季和冬季上升，春季和秋季下降，四窗型则相反，但均于月平均气温相关性不显著，相关系数分别为-0.09和0.09。异色瓢虫种群、浅色型和深色型均表现为偏雌现象，在夏季更为明显，且与月平均气温显著正相关，相关系数分别为0.79、0.90和0.66。χ2检验可知，异色瓢虫浅色型和深色型数量、不同位置斑点数量、联斑数量、二窗型和四窗型数量以及种群、浅色型和深色型雌雄数量均与月份显著关联。综合分析可知，异色瓢虫浅色型中各指标受月平均气温影响均较大。除数量比例和性比受温度影响较大外，深色型中二窗型和四窗型比例变化较小。异色瓢虫各指标均月份显著关联。

英文摘要:

Relevance between phenotypes and genotypes of the insects and the correlation of its relationship with environmental adaptability is one of the hot research topic of entomology Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) as a kind of important phenotype polymorphism resource，has been earned widespread respect. Through investigating the index changes of elytra color, different location spots, connected spots, conspicua and spectabilis, and sex ratio in different periods of 2012-2015 in Taian, and carried on the polynomial fitting, chi-square test and correlation analysis, we defined annual characteristics of phenotypes and sex ratio changes of H.axyridis and its relationship with the monthly average temperature. The main results were as follows, in the light color type, the quantity proportion of light color type, different location spots and connected spots decreased first and then rose with the passage of month, and showed significant negative correlation with monthly average temperature, the lowest appeared in the summer. In the dark color type, the quantity proportion of dark color type rose first and then decreased with the passage of month, and showed significant positive correlation with monthly average temperature; the quantity proportion of conspicua rose in summer and winter, and decreased in spring and autumn, spectabilis was opposite, But they have no significant correlation with monthly average temperature, the correlation coefficient were -0.09 and 0. 09, respectively. The population, light and dark color type of H. Axyridis all showed female biased phenomenon, and more obvious in the summer, the sex ratio showed significant positive correlation with monthly average temperature, the correlation coefficient was 0.79, 0.90 and 0.66, respectively. By chi-square test, we can know that the number of light and dark color type, different location spots and connected spots on light color type, conspicua and spectabilis, male and female number of population and light and dark color type are significant correlation with the month. Comprehensive analysis showed that, each index of light color type were greatly influenced by monthly average temperature. But in addition to quantity proportion and sex ratio were greatly influenced by monthly average temperature, the proportion of conspicua and spectabilis have smaller changed in the dark color type. Each index of H.axyridis are significant correlation with the month.

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