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| 中国梨喀木虱若虫为什么能在蜜露中呼吸？ |
| Why can Cacopsylla chinensis nymphs breathe in honeydew? |
| 投稿时间：2024-07-24 修订日期：2024-09-30 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 中国梨喀木虱 若虫 呼吸系统 气门 蜜露 |
| 英文关键词:Cacopsylla chinensis nymphs respiratory system spiracle honeydew |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为解析陆生昆虫中国梨喀木虱Cacopsylla chinensis若虫在蜜露中的呼吸机制，通过不同条件的浸水实验研究了中国梨喀木虱若虫在水中的存活能力，利用乳酸浸泡法研究了其呼吸系统构造，另通过扫描电镜观察了若虫气门的超微结构。结果表明，自然条件下，1~5龄若虫在蜜露中的浸没占比均超过76.00%，其中以2龄若虫的浸没比例最高，为99.00%±1.00%；中国梨喀木虱若虫在浸水条件下的致死中时为12.47 h，随着浸水时间的延长，若虫死亡率逐渐上升；中国梨喀木虱若虫共有5对气门，其中胸部2对，腹部3对；中国梨喀木虱若虫利用翅芽下及腹部气门处密生的约90 μm超微疏水毛在水中形成的气泡膜进行水下或蜜露中的呼吸；加入非离子表面活性剂消除若虫超微疏水毛区的气泡膜后，中国梨喀木虱若虫的水下呼吸受到明显影响，10 min后，若虫的死亡率达到了95.00%±1.83%。本研究明确了中国梨喀木虱若虫是利用气门周围疏水毛形成的气泡膜在水中或蜜露中进行呼吸，基于上述结果，可为科学、绿色防治中国梨喀木虱提供参考。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Cacopsylla chinensis, a terrestrial insect, was studied for its nymph's respiratory mechanism in honeydew through immersion experiments. The survival of C. chinensis nymphs in water under different immersion conditions was studied. The respiratory system structure of C. chinensis nymphs was studied by lactic acid immersion. And the scanning electron microscope was employed to observe the spiracles' ultrastructure of C. chinensis nymphs. The results showed that under natural conditions, the immersion rates of 1~5 instar C. chinensis nymphs in honeydew were all over 76.00%. The immersion rate of 2nd instar nymphs was the highest (99.00%±1.00%). The median lethal time of C. chinensis nymphs under immersion conditions is 12.47 hours. And with the extension of immersion time, the mortality rate of nymphs gradually increased. C. chinensis nymphs have 5 pairs of spiracles, including 2 pairs on the chest and 3 pairs on the abdomen. The C. chinensis nymphs have densely grown 90 μm hydrophobic setae around their abdominal spiracles and wing buds. The ultrastructure of hydrophobic setae formed a layer bubble membrane, allowing nymphs to breathe in water or honeydew. But when surfactants were added to water, the bubble membrane was eliminated, and the underwater respiration of C. chinensis nymphs was significantly affected. After only 10 minutes, the mortality rate of nymphs has reached 95.00%±1.83%. This study indicates that the bubble membrane formed by hydrophobic setae of C. chinensis nymphs was used to breathe in water or honeydew. Based on the above results, it can provide reference for the scientific and ecological control of C. chinensis. |
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