| 商颖婕，倪美虹，刘睿，马骏，蒋明星,2026,四纹豆象幼期检疫技术的改进[J].环境昆虫学报,(2):637-644 |
| 四纹豆象幼期检疫技术的改进 |
| Improvement of quarantine techniques for detecting early-stage Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 检疫技术 四纹豆象 幼虫发育阶段 漂浮法 卵粒洗脱 |
| 英文关键词:Quarantine techniques Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius larval developmental stages flotation method egg elution |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划（2021YFD1400104） |
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| 摘要点击次数: 38 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】四纹豆象是我国进境植物检疫性害虫、农业植物检疫性害虫，严重威胁储藏豆类安全，目前虽有多种检测方法，但在检测准确度、操作简便性等方面存在不足，而且均针对幼虫、蛹和成虫期，缺乏卵的检测方法，易导致漏检。本研究针对现行漂浮法（采用饱和NaCl溶液）检测中蛀害程度较轻豆粒难以浮起、卵检测方法缺失的问题，优化四纹豆象幼虫及卵的检疫检测方法，为提升检疫准确性提供支撑。【方法】通过对比绿豆粒在饱和NaCl和CaCl2溶液中的漂浮特性，以明确最优检测溶液及浓度；同时选取绿豆、豌豆、黄豆、蚕豆、鹰嘴豆5种常见豆粒，分别采用吐温80 1%、5%、10%、20% 4种浓度溶液浸泡，设置不同浸泡时间梯度，测定各处理组豆粒表面四纹豆象卵粒的脱落比例。【结果】采用1.35 g/cm3的CaCl2溶液可提高检出率，尤其对低龄幼虫的检出具有明显优势，可将最早检出时间提前至初孵幼虫蛀入豆粒后24 h。不同浓度吐温80溶液对豆粒表面卵粒均有一定洗脱效果，但脱落比例因豆粒种类和浸泡时间而异；当采用5%吐温浸泡4 h后，绿豆和豌豆上80%~85%卵粒脱落，黄豆和蚕豆上为60%左右，但鹰嘴豆上仅35%。【结论】采用1.35 g/cm3的CaCl2溶液漂浮豆粒是一种检测被四纹豆象幼虫轻度为害豆粒的有效方法，5%吐温（浸泡4 h）则对检测绿豆、豌豆上的四纹豆象卵粒较为有效。研究结果可为优化当前的四纹豆象检疫技术提供参考。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| 【Aim】Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius is a quarantine pest for imported plants and agricultural plants in China, posing a severe threat to the safety of stored beans. Despite the availability of various detection methods, they are insufficient in terms of detection accuracy and operational simplicity, and they focus only on larvae, pupae, and adults, lacking a detection method for eggs, which can lead to missed identifications. This study addresses the issue of lightly infested beans failing to float in the conventional flotation method (using saturated NaCl solution), and the absence of an effective egg detection method. We aimed to optimize the quarantine detection methods for larvae and eggs of C. maculatus and provide support for improving quarantine accuracy.【Methods】The flotation characteristics of mung beans were compared in saturated NaCl and CaCl2 solutions to determine the optimal detection solution and concentration. Meanwhile, five common types of beans (mung beans, peas, soybeans, broad beans, and chickpeas) were selected and immersed in 1%, 5%, 10%, and 20% Tween 80 solutions, and different soaking time gradients were set to compare the elution rates of C. maculatus eggs from the grain surface of each treatment group.【Results】Using a 1.35 g/cm3 CaCl2 solution enhanced detection rates, particularly for early-instar larvae, advancing the earliest detection time to 24 hours after initial larval infestation. Furthermore, all concentrations of Tween 80 solution demonstrated certain efficiency, but the elution rates varied with bean type and immersion duration. Specifically, after 4 hours of immersion in 5% Tween, 80%~85% of egg masses detached from mung beans and peas, approximately 60% from soybeans and broad beans, but only 35% from chickpeas.【Conclusion】These findings suggested that floating beans in a 1.35 g/cm3 CaCl2 solution was an effective method for detecting mung beans lightly infested by C. maculatus larvae, while 5% Tween (immersion for 4 hours) was more effective for detecting eggs of C. maculatus on mung beans and peas. The research results provided valuable insights for optimizing current quarantine techniques for C. maculatus. |
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