《环境昆虫学报》

作者	单位
于永杰，沈建茹，郝帅康，张睿博，刘智，王佳琪，刘军侠	1. 河北农业大学林学院,河北保定 071000；2. 河北省林木种质资源与森林保护重点实验室,河北保定 071000

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中文摘要:

【目的】麦蚜茧蜂Ephedrus plagiator是桃粉蚜Hyaloptera arundinis的一种重要内寄生蜂，目前国内外对其生物学特性报道较少，研究麦蚜茧蜂生物学特性，可为桃粉蚜的生物防治提供依据。【方法】本文采用野外调查与室内试验相结合的方法，对麦蚜茧蜂的寄生特征、羽化、发生规律、交配和产卵等生物学特性进行调查。【结果】结果表明：麦蚜茧蜂在保定地区一年可发生6~8代，发生期为4-11月；多以老熟幼虫在桃粉蚜僵蚜内越冬。桃粉蚜被寄生后，1~2日内仍可取食，3日后停食不动，4~8日蚜体逐渐膨大死亡，10~12日羽化出蜂。幼虫初步观察到3个龄期，蛹期观察到4个发育阶段，各个阶段形态特征区分明显。成虫主要在白天羽化，日羽化高峰在6:00-8:00，占全天羽化总数的28%。麦蚜茧蜂对桃粉蚜的寄生率（53%）6月中旬最高，雌雄性比为3∶1。与对照相比，15%蜂蜜水和15%蔗糖水均能显著提高其寄生率，延长其寿命，其中饲喂15%蜂蜜水效果最好，寄生率和寿命分别可达59%和11.17 d。麦蚜茧蜂交配过程可分为求偶、交尾前期、交尾期及交尾后期4 个阶段，雌蜂一生只交配1次，雄蜂可多次交配，产卵过程分为产卵前寄主定位检查、产卵和产卵后梳理3个阶段。【结论】本研究明确了麦蚜茧蜂的关键生物学特性，为利用其进行桃粉蚜的生物防治提供了重要的理论依据。

英文摘要:

【Aim】The objective of this study is to investigate the biological characteristics of Ephedrus plagiator, an important endoparasitoid of Hyaloptera arundinis, as studies on its biological characteristics are scarce both domestically and internationally. This study can provide a theoretical basis for the biological control of H. arundinis.【Methods】In this paper, we adopted a combination of field investigations and laboratory experiments to examine the parasitic characteristics, emergence, occurrence patterns, mating behavior, and oviposition behavior of E. plagiator.【Results】The results showed that E. plagiator completed 6~8 generations per year in the Baoding area, and the occurrence period was from April to November; it overwintered mostly as mature larvae inside the mummies of H. arundinis. After being parasitized, H. arundinis continued feedinh for 1~2 days, ceased movement and feeding after 3 days, and gradually swelled and died within 4~8 days, E. plagiator adults emerged from the host on days 10~12. Three instars were initially observed in the larval stage, and four developmental stages were observed in the pupal stage, with distinct morphological characteristics at each stage. Adults mainly emerged during daylight, peaking between 6:00-8:00, accounting for 28% of the daily total emergence. The parasitism rate of E. plagiator against H. arundinis was the highest in mid-June, reaching 53%; the female-to-male ratio was 3∶1. Compared with the control group (without sugar feeding), 15% honey water or 15% sucrose solution significantly increased the parasitism rate and prolong E. plagiator's lifespan. The 15% honey water yielded the best results, with the parasitism rate and lifespan reaching 59% and 11.17 days, respectively. The mating process of E. plagiator was divided into four stages: courtship, pre-copulation, copulation, and post-copulation; the female wasps mated only once in their lifetime, while the male wasps mate multiple times. Oviposition process was divided into three stages: pre-oviposition host location and inspection, oviposition, and post-oviposition grooming.【Conclusion】This study clarifies the key biological characteristics of E. plagiator, which provides an important theoretical basis for the application of E. plagiator to the biological control of H. arundinis.

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