| 颜宇，李进耀，张广杰，艾合买提江·买买提，孟卓，徐安东，付娆，杨文娟，马德英,2026,白星花金龟虫砂缓解氟啶草酮与二甲戊灵对小麦残留药害及增产效果研究[J].环境昆虫学报,(2):521-530 |
| 白星花金龟虫砂缓解氟啶草酮与二甲戊灵对小麦残留药害及增产效果研究 |
| Mitigation of fluridone and pendimethalin residual phytotoxicity and yield-enhancing on wheat by Protaetia brevitarsis frass |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 白星花金龟虫砂 生物菌剂 氟啶草酮 二甲戊灵 残留药害 |
| 英文关键词:Protaetia brevitarsis frass microbial inoculant fluridone pendimethalin residual phytotoxicity |
| 基金项目:新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划项目（2022B02046）；天山英才计划第三期培养计划项目 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】为探究白星花金龟虫砂、生物炭、粉煤灰复配微生物菌剂及腐植酸缓解棉田常用除草剂氟啶草酮与二甲戊灵对小麦残留药害及增产效果。【方法】采用田间小区试验，设计虫砂（1 500 kg/hm2，L100）、生物炭（300 kg/hm2，C40）、粉煤灰（6 000 kg/hm2，F400）3种吸附剂分别复配菌剂十二菌医（SEJ）、菌淋田下（JLT）及腐植酸（FZS），与未进行土壤改良的对照组（CK）比较小麦的株高、茎粗、叶绿素含量、药害指数以及产量差异。【结果】结果显示，与CK相比，在拔节期，JLT组的株高最高，显著高出CK 14.24%；L100+SEJ处理组的株高增加11.78%。在扬花期，L100的茎粗最大，较CK显著增加8.63%。叶绿素含量方面，L100的SPAD值最高，较CK增加14.36%； L100+SEJ的叶绿素SPAD值其次，比CK显著增加12.00%。在药害缓解效果上，L100+SEJ处理组的药害指数在苗期和拔节期相比CK分别显著降低81.95%和89.52%，药害缓解效果显著。整体来看，虫砂处理在小麦茎粗、叶绿素含量和药害指数方面优于生物炭和粉煤灰。在产量方面，L100+SEJ处理产量最高，较CK显著增加31.20%，穗数增加18.16%；穗长增加16.76%，穗粒数增加3.08%，其产量构成要素均表现较优。【结论】整体而言，虫砂作为吸附剂的处理在株高、茎粗、叶绿素含量及产量方面均表现出较好的效果，优于生物炭和粉煤灰。本试验中1 500 kg/hm2虫砂+150 kg/hm2十二菌医为缓解小麦药害的最优处理组合。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| 【Aim】This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Protaetia brevitarsis frass, biochar, and fly ash compounded with microbial inoculants or humic acid on mitigating residual phytotoxicity of commonly used cotton field herbicides fluridone and pendimethalin on wheat and on wheat yield enhancement.【Methods】A field plot experiment was conducted using three adsorbent materials: Protaetia brevitarsis frass (1 500 kg/hm2, L100), biochar (300 kg/hm2, C40), and fly ash (6,000 kg/hm2, F400). These materials were compounded with Shi'er Junyi (SEJ), Junlin Tianxia (JLT), and humic acid (FZS), respectively. An untreated control without soil amendment (CK) was included. Wheat plant height, stem diameter, chlorophyll content (SPAD value), phytotoxicity index, and yield were determined and compared among treatments.【Results】At the jointing stage, the JLT treatment resulted in the greatest plant height, which was significantly higher than that of CK by 14.24%, while the L100 + SEJ treatment increased plant height by 11.78%. During the flowering stage, stem diameter was largest under the L100 treatment and was significantly increased by 8.63% compared with CK. Regarding chlorophyll content, the L100 treatment exhibited the highest SPAD value, which was 14.36% higher than that of CK, followed by the L100 + SEJ treatment with a significant increase of 12.00%. In terms of phytotoxicity mitigation, the phytotoxicity index under the L100 + SEJ treatment was significantly reduced by 81.95% at the seedling stage and by 89.52% at the jointing stage compared with CK, indicating a significant mitigation effect. Overall, Protaetia brevitarsis frass treatments were superior to biochar and fly ash in improving stem diameter, chlorophyll content, and phytotoxicity index. Yield analysis showed that the L100 + SEJ treatment achieved the highest grain yield, which was significantly increased by 31.20% compared with CK. In addition, the number of spikes, spike length, and grains per spike were increased by 18.16%, 16.76%, and 3.08%, respectively, with all yield components performing well.【Conclusion】Among the tested adsorbents, Protaetia brevitarsis frass demonstrated the most effective performance in promoting plant height, stem diameter, chlorophyll content, and yield compared to biochar and fly ash. Under the conditions of this study, the combined application of 1,500 kg/hm2 Protaetia brevitarsis frass with 150 kg/hm2 Shi'er Junyi was identified as the optimal treatment combination for mitigating phytotoxicity in wheat. |
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