《环境昆虫学报》

蚂蚁隶属于膜翅目细腰亚目，是种类和数量极为丰富的社会性昆虫。蚂蚁具有特化的毒液器官可分泌毒液，用于防御、捕食及社会交流等。其毒液组成复杂，富含多肽和蛋白，以及挥发性或非挥发性的化合物，具有溶细胞、溶血、致敏、杀虫和抗菌等生物活性。随着物种的演化，蚂蚁毒液系统分化为有螫针和无螫针两种类型。不同的螫针类型表明蚂蚁毒液的组成、功能，及生态适应性可能有所不同。因此，蚂蚁的毒液系统是研究适应性演化的良好模型，同时也是生物活性分子的重要资源库。本文综述了蚂蚁毒液系统的形态结构，毒液成分，功能和演化的研究进展，为深入理解蚂蚁毒液系统的多样性，发掘具有潜在应用价值的新型生物医药和农药提供参考。

英文摘要:

Ants represent one of the most diverse and abundant eusocial insects. Ants possess specific venom apparatuses that secrete venom for defense, predation, and social communication. The venom is a complex mixture containing a rich array of peptides and proteins, as well as volatile or non-volatile compounds. These venom components exhibit various biological activities, including cell lysis, hemolysis, sensitization, insecticidal effects, and antimicrobial properties. With the evolution of ant species, their venom systems have diverged into two structural morphotypes: stinging and stingless. The variations in venom apparatus may impact the composition, function, and ecological adaptation of venom. Consequently, the venom system of ants serves as an excellent model for investigating adaptive evolution and constitutes a significant repository of bioactive chemicals. This review summarizes current knowledge of ant venom systems, encompassing their morphological architecture, biochemical composition, functional diversity, and evolution. It aims to deepen the understanding of the diversity of ant venom systems, serving as a reference for the exploration of novel bioactive compounds in biomedicine and agrochemical development.

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