《环境昆虫学报》

本文对鳞翅目Lepidoptera昆虫雌、雄个体的形态学鉴别方法进行综述，系统归纳了目前适用于其性别无损鉴定的形态学方法。在幼虫期：3龄后雄幼虫第5~6腹节可见肾形斑纹（雄性生殖芽），也可通过头壳蜕裂线宽度、第8~9腹节体壁的性生殖器点状结构鉴别雌雄。在蛹期：雄蛹生殖孔位于第9腹节、呈裂缝状，裂缝两侧均有半圆形瘤状突起，裂缝与第10腹节肛门的间距明显短于雌蛹；而雌蛹生殖孔位于第8腹节，产卵孔位于第9腹节，且生殖孔和产卵孔连接成一裂缝状，裂缝两侧平坦无凸起。在成虫期：雌虫腹部粗状、呈圆筒形，雄虫腹部细长、末端呈钳状，稍挤压腹部可见雌/雄性外生殖器结构；此外成虫性别还可通过头部触角/下唇须、胸部中足胫节体刺或翅上体色/斑纹/翅缰数，以及腹部末端形态/被毛等差异特征鉴定。本综述可为鳞翅目昆虫的形态学无损鉴定雌雄提供参考依据，也为昆虫分类、预测预报及利用性别机制防控害虫等研究提供基础资料。

英文摘要:

This review summarizes morphological methods, particularly non-destructive ones, for sex identification in Lepidoptera. In larval stages after the third instar, males display reniform markings (male reproductive buds) on abdominal segments 5~6, while sex can also be determined by the width of the cephalic ecdysial line and dot-like genital structures on segments 8~9. During the pupal stage, the male possesses a genital slit located on the ninth abdominal segment. This slit is flanked by semicircular tubercles on both sides and exhibits a markedly shorter distance to the anal opening on the tenth segment compared to that in the female pupa. In contrast, the female pupa displays a combined genital opening on the eighth segment and an ovipore on the ninth, which together form a continuous, smooth slit devoid of any protrusions. In the adult stage, females have robust, cylindrical abdomens, whereas males exhibit slender, forceps-like terminal segments; gentle abdominal compression reveals their respective external genitalia. Additional diagnostic traits include morphology of the antennae and labial palps, presence of mid-tibial spines, wing coloration and patterns, frenulum counts, as well as terminal abdominal morphology and pubescence. This synthesis serves as a practical reference for the non-destructive morphological sexing of Lepidoptera, while also providing foundational data for research in insect taxonomy, population forecasting, and gender-based pest management strategies.

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