| 麦伟豪，王子怡，刘 城，谭小红，董烨炜，游翠红，梁日深，黄燕华，周 萌,,糖源对黑水虻幼虫生长发育、脂肪沉积和脂肪酸谱及糖脂代谢相关基因表达的影响[J].环境昆虫学报,(): |
| 糖源对黑水虻幼虫生长发育、脂肪沉积和脂肪酸谱及糖脂代谢相关基因表达的影响 |
| Effects of carbohydrate sources on growth and development, fat deposition and fatty acid profile, and expression of carbohydrate-lipid metabolism genes in Hermetia illucens larvae |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 黑水虻 糖源 生长发育 脂肪酸谱 糖脂代谢 |
| 英文关键词:Hermetia illucens carbohydrate sources growth and development fatty acid profile carbohydrate-lipid metabolism |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 糖类是昆虫生长发育的主要能源物质和合成体脂的重要原料。黑水虻Hermetia illucens幼虫可生物转化各种含糖有机废弃物，但目前对其糖利用的研究尚仍十分缺乏。本研究分别以葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖、淀粉、纤维素为糖源，替代基础饲料（对照组）中15%的麦麸，配制6种试验饲料，饲喂黑水虻3日龄幼虫至蛹期，通过检测其生长性能、体脂和脂肪酸谱及糖脂代谢相关基因表达模式，评价黑水虻对不同糖源的生物利用能力。结果显示，和对照组相比，葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖和淀粉将黑水虻幼虫发育历期分别缩短了1.0 d、1.5 d、4.3 d和4.8 d，且增加了幼虫、预蛹和蛹的体重和体长。其中，淀粉组体重增幅最大，第12、第15天幼虫、预蛹和蛹的重量分别平均比对照组增长了23.7%、39.4%、54.1%和36.0%。此外，淀粉显著增加了幼虫的粗脂肪和月桂酸含量，其次是蔗糖、葡萄糖和果糖，纤维素则显著降低了月桂酸含量，这种差异一直持续到蛹期。糖脂代谢基因随时间的表达差异也反映了糖源如何从分子水平影响体脂积累和脂肪酸谱。相关分析表明，预蛹期脂肪酸合成酶（Fatty acid synthase，FAS）基因的表达量和虫体重、月桂酸含量呈显著正相关（P=0.009、0.017），而和硬脂酸、棕榈酸、油酸及亚油酸含量显著负相关（P=0.031、0.014、0.030、0.022）；预蛹期碳水化合物反应元件结合蛋白（Carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein，ChREBP）基因的表达量也和该期体重呈显著正相关（P=0.017）。综上，黑水虻幼虫可有效利用淀粉进行生长发育和营养物质积累，尤其是脂肪和月桂酸的积累，其次是蔗糖、葡萄糖和果糖，而对纤维素的利用能力有限。这种差异可能和糖源特异性调控糖脂代谢基因密切相关。本研究为补充黑水虻的糖代谢知识，制定其高效利用含糖有机废弃物的策略提供了基础数据。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Carbohydrates were an essential energy source for insect growth and development while providing critical precursors for lipid biosynthesis. Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae possessed bioconversion capabilities for sugar-containing organic wastes, but research on their carbohydrate utilization remained highly limited. This study evaluated the biological utilization of different carbohydrate sources by replacing 15% wheat bran in the basal diet (control) with glucose, fructose, sucrose, starch, or cellulose to establish six experimental diets for H. illucens larvae. Three-day-old larvae were reared on these diets until pupation, with comprehensive analyses of growth parameters, lipid profiles, and temporal expression patterns of carbohydrate-lipid metabolism genes. Results revealed that glucose, fructose, sucrose, and starch reduced larval developmental duration by 1.0, 1.5, 4.3, and 4.8 days respectively, while significantly enhancing body weight and length across larval, prepupal, and pupal stages, compared to controls. The starch group demonstrated the most substantial body weight gain, showing average increases of 23.7%, 39.4%, 54.1% and 36.0% in body weight for 12-day larvae, 15-day larvae, prepupae and pupae respectively, compared to the control group. Notably, the starch group significantly elevated crude fat and lauric acid content in larvae, followed by the groups fed sucrose, glucose, and fructose in descending order. Conversely, the cellulose group significantly reduced lauric acid content, with persistent effects into the pupal stage. Dynamic expression profiles of carbohydrate-lipid metabolism genes revealed the molecular mechanisms by which dietary sugar sources modulated lipid deposition and fatty acid composition. Correlation analysis revealed that prepupal-stage expression of fatty acid synthase (FAS) showed significant positive associations with larval body weight (r=0.83, P=0.009) and lauric acid content (r=0.76, P=0.017), whereas inverse correlations were observed with the content of stearic acid (C18:0) (r=-0.71, P=0.031), palmitic acid (C16:0) (r=-0.79, P=0.014), oleic acid (C18:1) (r=-0.68, P=0.030), and linoleic acid (C18:2) (r=-0.73, P=0.022). Similarly, the expression of carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP) during this developmental phase exhibited a positive correlation with prepupal body weight (r=0.75, P=0.017). In conclusion, this study demonstrated that H. illucens larvae were able to utilize starch as the optimal carbohydrate source to enhance growth and development, lipid biosynthesis, and lauric acid production, followed by sucrose, glucose, and fructose, but showed limited utilization capacity for cellulose. These divergences were linked to the carbohydrate-specific transcriptional regulation of metabolism genes. This study provided fundamental data for supplementing knowledge of carbohydrate metabolism in H. illucens and developing strategies for efficient utilization of carbohydrate-rich organic wastes. |
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