| 杨俊豪，李小英，刘福罡，李继莲,,熊蜂授粉对海南省油茶增产的内在机制的研究[J].环境昆虫学报,(): |
| 熊蜂授粉对海南省油茶增产的内在机制的研究 |
| Research on the intrinsic mechanisms of bumblebee pollination in yield increase of Camellia vietnamensis in Hainan Province |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 地熊蜂 熊蜂授粉 越南油茶 授粉评估 增产机制 |
| 英文关键词:Bombus terrestris bumblebee pollination Camellia vietnamensis pollination assessment yield-increase mechanisms |
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| 摘要点击次数: 485 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 本研究旨在解决越南油茶Camellia vietnamensis在海南省种植面积大但产量低的产业瓶颈，探究在热带气候下油茶通过地熊蜂Bombus terrestris授粉增产的可行性及内在机制。本研究比较了熊蜂授粉、无人机授粉及自然授粉对油茶坐果率的影响，结果显示，熊蜂授粉后油茶坐果率达50.00%，显著高于自然授粉组（13.04%，P < 0.01）和无人机授粉组（23.81%，P < 0.05）。通过苯胺蓝荧光染色观察花粉管生长及胚珠受精过程，发现熊蜂授粉组油茶花授粉率达95.00%，显著高于自然授粉组（58.30%，P < 0.01），提升1.63倍；受精率为35.00%，极显著高于自然授粉组（8.30%，P < 0.001），提升幅度达4.20倍。分析熊蜂日活动规律及油茶开花散粉情况结果表明，熊蜂日访花活动高峰与油茶开花及雄蕊散粉高峰高度重合。本研究表明，熊蜂授粉显著提高了油茶的坐果率、授粉率和受精率，其核心增产机制在于熊蜂的活动节律与油茶开花散粉习性的高度协同性，这体现了昆虫与植物间的协同进化关系，证明熊蜂授粉是提升热带地区越南油茶产量的有效可行方法。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Camellia vietnamensis is extensively cultivated in Hainan Province, yet its yield remains low. This study investigated the mechanisms and feasibility of yield improvement in C. vietnamensis through Bombus terrestris pollination under tropical conditions. The effects of bumblebee pollination, drone-assisted pollination, and natural pollination on the fruit-setting rate of C. vietnamensis were compared. Results demonstrated that bumblebee pollination achieved a fruit-setting rate of 50.00%, significantly higher than those under natural pollination (13.04%; P < 0.01) and drone-assisted pollination (23.81%; P < 0.05). Through aniline blue fluorescence staining, pollen tube growth and ovule fertilization processes were observed. Results revealed a pollination rate of 95.00% in the bumblebee-pollinated group, significantly higher than that in the natural-pollination group (58.30%; P < 0.01; 1.63-fold higher). Moreover, the fertilization rate reached 35.00% under bumblebee pollination, which was extremely significantly higher than that under natural pollination (8.30%; P < 0.001; 4.20-fold higher). Analysis of bumblebee diurnal activity patterns and C. vietnamensis flowering/pollen-shedding dynamics revealed close temporal alignment: bumblebee peak foraging activity was highly synchronized with the peaks of flower opening and anther dehiscence. This study demonstrates that bumblebee pollination significantly enhances fruit-setting, pollination, and fertilization rates in C. vietnamensis, with the core yield-increase mechanism rooted in synchronization between bumblebee foraging rhythms and the tree's anthesis-pollen dynamics. This temporal coordination reflects insect-plant coevolution, confirming bumblebee pollination as a viable strategy for boosting C. vietnamensis yields in tropical regions. |
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