《环境昆虫学报》

为了解湖南莽山国家级自然保护区金龟总科Scarabaeoidea物种多样性及年度发生动态，于2020年5月-2021年4月采用诱罐（Pitfall trap，PT）、马氏网（Malaise trap，MT）和飞阻（Flight interception trap，FIT）3种被动采集方式，对湖南莽山国家级自然保护区金龟总科昆虫进行了系统调查和多样性分析，并持续观测其群落的月动态变化。本研究共记录金龟总科昆虫4 246头，隶属于7科255种，其中诱罐采集到金龟总科5科66种720头，马氏网采集到金龟总科4科29种137头，飞阻采集到金龟总科7科160种3 389头。物种多样性指数、优势度指数、丰富度指数和均匀度指数分别为4.097、0.963、25.98和0.731；其中金龟科物种数和个体数最多，占总物种数和个体数的78.74%和90.58%。低海拔地区金龟总科物种多样性指数、优势度指数、丰富度指数和均匀度指数均显著高于高海拔地区；中海拔地区与高海拔、低海拔地区间无显著差异。不同海拔间的金龟总科群落相似性也存在一定的差异，高海拔与中海拔、中海拔与低海拔之间为中等相似，高海拔与低海拔间为中等不相似。月度动态分析结果表明，莽山金龟总科总个体数从2020年1月开始逐渐增加，6-7月为高峰期，8-9月显著减少，1-4月和10-12月金龟总科个体数量不及全年个体数量的6.00%；总物种数从1月开始逐渐增加，5月为高峰期，占全年总物种数的52.17%，6-12月逐渐降低。各科活动周期中金龟科昆虫最长，其次为粪金龟科。总体来说，莽山金龟总科群落沿海拔梯度呈现垂直分布差异，高海拔与低海拔存在明显的异质性，中海拔则呈现出一种过渡状态。

英文摘要:

In order to understand the species diversity and annual dynamics of Scarabaeoidea in the Mangshan National Nature Reserve of Hunan Province, the author conducted a systematic investigation and diversity analysis of Scarabaeoidea insects using three passive collection methods: Pitfall trap, Malaise trap and Flight interception trap from May 2020 to April 2021, and continuously observed the monthly dynamic changes of their communities. In this study, 4 246 scarab beetles belonging to 7 families and 255 species were recorded, among which 720 beetles belonging to 5 families and 66 species were collected by FIT, 137 beetles belonging to 4 families and 29 species were collected by MT, and 3 389 beetles belonging to 7 families and 160 species were collected by PT. The species diversity index, dominance index, richness index and evenness index were 4.097, 0.963, 25.98 and 0.731, respectively. Among them, the number of species and individuals of Scarabaeidae is the largest, accounting for 78.74% and 90.58% of the total number of species and individuals. The species diversity index, dominance index, richness index and evenness index of Scarabaeoidea in low altitude areas were significantly higher than those in high altitude areas, but there was no significant difference between middle altitude areas and high and low altitude areas. There are also some differences in community similarity between different altitudes, such as medium similarity between high altitude and middle altitude, medium similarity between middle altitude and low altitude, and medium dissimilarity between high altitude and low altitude. In addition, the results of monthly dynamic analysis showed that the total number of individuals in Scarabaeoidea community gradually increased from January to June, and decreased significantly from August to September. From January to April and from October to December, the number of individuals in Scarabaeoidea community was less than 6% of the total number of individuals in the year. The total species number gradually increased from January, and peaked in May, with 108 species accounting for 52.17% of the total species number in the year, and gradually decreased from June to December. The activity cycle of Scarabaeidae was the longest, followed by Geotrupidae. Overall, the composition of Scarabaeoidea community in Mangshan shows vertical distribution differences along the altitude gradient, with significant heterogeneity between high and low altitudes, and a transitional state in middle altitude.

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