| 李 坤，唐 洋，郭泉玮，李亦松,2025,不同生境核桃园梨小食心虫和苹果蠹蛾种群消长动态及时间生态位[J].环境昆虫学报,(6):1811-1822 |
| 不同生境核桃园梨小食心虫和苹果蠹蛾种群消长动态及时间生态位 |
| Population dynamics and temporal niche of Grapholita molesta and Cydia pomonella in walnut ogchards in different habitats |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 梨小食心虫 苹果蠹蛾 不同生境果园 发生规律 种群消长动态 |
| 英文关键词:Grapholita molesta Cydia pomonella orchards with different habitats occurrence regularity population dynamics |
| 基金项目:新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发项目（2021B02004-1）；国家重点研发计划（2021YFD1400201） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 梨小食心虫Grapholita molesta和苹果蠹蛾Cydia pomonella是果园中两种重要的蛀果害虫，为明确不同种植模式中重要害虫发生规律和种群消长动态，以南疆地区间作小麦、玉米和桃树混载为主的核桃园为调查对象，采用性信息素、糖醋液诱集等方法进行调查。结果表明：梨小食心虫1年发生4代和不完整的1代，苹果蠹蛾1年发生3代和不完整的1代。梨小食心虫和苹果蠹蛾的老熟幼虫以防虫布为主要越冬场所。2022-2023年，苹果蠹蛾越冬代成虫期时间较长，1~3代和不完整的1代成虫发生时间较为一致。2022年梨小食心虫1~4代成虫高峰期时间要比2023年早14 d左右，但2023年成虫诱集数量明显高于2022年诱集量。各种植模式成虫诱蛾量变化趋势一致，以种植模式核桃-小麦-玉米园诱集的苹果蠹蛾成虫量最多，为2 345头，表现为核桃-小麦-玉米园>核桃-小麦园>核桃-桃园>核桃。2023年核桃-桃园种植模式中梨小食心虫成虫诱蛾量最多，为6 464头，其次是核桃-小麦-玉米，为4 373头。本研究明确了不同种植模式核桃园中梨小食心虫和苹果蠹蛾越冬场所、种群消长动态及时间生态位，研究结果为生态调控和科学合理制定绿色防控措施提供重要参考理论依据。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Grapholita molesta and Cydia pomonella are two important fruit-boring pests in orchards. To clarify the occurrence regularity and population dynamics of these pests in different planting patterns, we investigated walnut orchards in Southern Xinjiang, where intercropping with wheat, corn, and peach trees is common, using sex pheromone traps and sugar-vinegar trapping methods. The results showed that G. molesta had four full generations and an incomplete generation per year, while C. pomonella had three full generations and an incomplete generation per year. The mature larvae of G. molesta and C. pomonella primarily overwintered in insect-proof cloth. From 2022 to 2023, the overwintering generation of C. pomonella had a longer adult stage, and the occurrence time of adults from the first three generations and the incomplete first generation was more consistent. The peak period of adults from the first to fourth generations of G. molesta in 2022 was about 14 days earlier than in 2023, but the number of adults trapped in 2023 was significantly higher than that in 2022. The variation trend of the number of moths trapped by adults was consistent across each planting pattern. The walnut-wheat-corn orchard attracted the largest number of C. pomonella adults, with 2 345 individuals, followed by the walnut-wheat orchard, walnut-peach orchard, and finally monoculture walnut. In 2023, the highest number of adult G. molesta moths was found in the walnut-peach orchard planting mode, which was 6 464, followed by walnut-wheat-corn with a count of 4 373. This study clarifies the overwintering sites, population dynamics, and temporal niche of the G. molesta and C. pomonella in walnut orchards with different planting patterns. The results provide an important theoretical basis for ecological regulation and the scientific and reasonable formulation of green prevention and control measures. |
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