《环境昆虫学报》

玉米是全球三大主粮作物之一，虫害严重威胁其产量与粮食安全。亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis和欧洲玉米螟Ostrinia nubilalis是两种重要的玉米害虫，亚洲玉米螟主要分布在亚洲东部及澳大利亚等太平洋西岸地区，而欧洲玉米螟主要分布在西半球及欧洲和亚洲中西部地区。之前认为新疆伊犁地区是全球亚洲玉米螟和欧洲玉米螟的唯一混生区。中国东部的东北、华北地区和中国西部的西南地区是重要的玉米产区，欧洲玉米螟是否入侵并在这些区域扩散值得关注。本研究在中国东部11个地区采集了331份样品，通过对COⅠ和COⅡ基因序列进行比对分析，鉴定出亚洲玉米螟292份，占88.2%，欧洲玉米螟39份，占11.8%。其中华北地区欧洲玉米螟的比例较高（河南新乡比例超过50%），且有进一步向西南玉米产区扩散的趋势。研究首次揭示了欧洲玉米螟在中国东部玉米产区发生了大范围的扩散，应当引起相关部门的高度重视。

英文摘要:

Corn is one of the world's three major staple crops, and pest infestations severely impact corn production, thereby threatening global food security. The Asian corn borer (Ostrinia furnacalis) and European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) are two major corn pests. The O. furnacalisis is primarily distributed in eastern Asia and western Pacific regions such as Australia, while the O. nubilalis mainly inhabits the Western Hemisphere, Europe, and central-western Asia. Previous evidence indicated that the Yili region of Xinjiang, China, was the world's only hybrid zone where both species coexist. The northeastern and northern regions of eastern China, along with the southwestern regions of western China, represent crucial corn-producing areas, making it essential to monitor whether the O. nubilalis has invaded and spread in these zones. This study analyzed 331 samples collected from 11 regions across eastern China through comparative sequencing of the COⅠ and COⅡ genes. Results identified 292 O. furnacalisis (88.2%) and 39 O. nubilalis (11.8%). O. nubilalis was detected in several regions, including Jilin, Henan, Shandong, Hubei, and Guiyang. Notably, North China exhibited a higher proportion of O. nubilalis (exceeding 50% in Xinxiang, Henan), with a discernible trend of further diffusion toward southwestern corn-producing regions. This research was the first to reveal the large-scale spread of O. nubilalis in eastern China's corn-growing areas, warranting urgent attention from relevant authorities.

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