《环境昆虫学报》

作者	单位
王丽娜，陈燕，唐艳龙，钱正敏，魏可，张彦龙	1. 遵义师范学院生物与农业科技学院, 贵州遵义 563002；2. 中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与自然保护研究所, 国家林业和草原局森林保护学重点实验室, 北京 100091

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中文摘要:

花绒寄甲Dastarcus helophoroides是松材线虫Bursaphelenchus xylophilus传播媒介松褐天牛Monochamus alternatus的重要寄生性天敌。本试验通过在松褐天牛蛹上接种不同数量的花绒寄甲幼虫，观察其发育情况及其结茧数、羽化数、子代质量等指标，为花绒寄甲的繁育利用提供参考。结果表明：室内接种花绒寄甲1龄幼虫于松褐天牛蛹体上，5种不同接种量下寄生率均高于80%，花绒寄甲幼虫历期和蛹历期差异显著，每个松褐天牛蛹接种4头花绒寄甲幼虫时，幼虫历期和蛹历期最长，平均为11.0 d和30.1 d，接种量为6、8、10、12头/个时，幼虫历期缩短为8~9 d，蛹历期随接种数量增加逐渐缩短，最短仅22.1 d，比4头/个时缩短8 d左右。花绒寄甲结茧数、羽化数、结茧率、羽化率、繁殖成功率均呈先升后降趋势，8头/个时，结茧数和羽化数均最多，平均为7.3个和7.2个，结茧率、羽化率和繁殖成功率均最高，平均为91.4%、99.1%和90.6%；12头/个时，结茧率最低仅56.6%；4头/个时，羽化率和繁殖成功率最低，平均为81.3%和50.0%。5种接种量下，羽化的花绒寄甲成虫总质量差异极显著，6头/个时和8头/个时，总质量较大，平均为0.108 g/管和0.102 g/管，12头/个时最小，平均为0.050 g/管，比最大值下降了50%。随接种数量增加，花绒寄甲单头质量呈下降趋势，4头/个时，单头质量最大，平均为0.031 g/头，8头/个时，下降至平均0.014 g/头，最低仅0.007 g/头（12头/个时），不到最大个体的1/4。若要利用松褐天牛蛹繁育花绒寄甲种虫，以花绒寄甲单头质量为评价指标，接种数量4头/个时最佳，若繁育花绒寄甲投放于林间防治害虫，以羽化数和繁殖成功率为评价指标，以8头/个时收益最高。

英文摘要:

Dastarcus helophoroides (Coleoptera: Bothrideridae) is a significant parasitic natural enemy of Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) that carry the Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. This study aims to investigate the rearing effect of D. helophoroides by inoculating different numbers of its larvae onto M. alternatus pupae and observing developmental parameters such as cocoon count, eclosion number, and offspring quality. The results showed that under laboratory conditions, the parasitism rates of D. helophoroides larvae on M. alternatus pupae were found to be above 80% across five inoculation densities. The larval and pupal durations of D. helophoroides varied significantly. When four larvae were inoculated onto one host, both the larval durations (11.0 days) and pupal durations (30.1 days) were longest compared to other treatments (6, 8, 10, and 12 larvae per host) where the larval duration shortened to 8~9 days, and the pupal duration gradually decreased to a minimum of 22.1 d (8 d shorter than at 4 larvae/host) as the number of inoculated larvae increased. Cocoon count, eclosion number, cocooning rate, eclosion rate and reproductive success rate all exhibited a trend of initially increasing and then decreasing with the addition of inoculated numbers. Specifically, The highest values were observed at 8 larvae/host, with averages of 7.3 cocoons, 7.2 eclosed adults, 91.4% cocooning rate, 99.1% eclosion rate, and 90.6% reproductive success rate. At 12 larvae/host, the cocooning rate dropped to 56.6%, while the lowest eclosion rate (81.3%) and reproductive success rate (50.0%) occurred at 4 larvae/host. Significant differences in the total weight of eclosed adults among the five inoculation densities were also noted; specifically, when six or eight larvae were inoculated, their total adult weights (0.108 g/tube and 0.102 g/tube respectively) exceeded those of other treatments. Conversely, the total adult weight was lowest at an inoculation density of 12 larvae per host (0.050 g/tube, a 50% reduction). The individual adult weight decreased as inoculation density increased, peaking at 0.031 g/adult with an inoculation density of four larvae per host but dropped to 0.014 g/adult with eight larvae per host before reaching its lowest point at 0.007 g/adult with twelve larvae per host, less than one-quarter of the maximum. In general, an optimal inoculation density for breeding high-quality D. helophoroides adults using M. alternatus is four larvae per host when prioritizing individual weight. For field release aimed at pest control, eight larvae per host is recommended based on eclosion number and reproductive success rate.

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