| 邓尚靠，李小发，曹文勇，杨雪寒，高正学，陶玉明，秦加敏，候梦赏，展江，赵必安，梁铖,2025,元江干热河谷枇杷开花特性及访花昆虫多样性调查[J].环境昆虫学报,(5):1539-1547 |
| 元江干热河谷枇杷开花特性及访花昆虫多样性调查 |
| Investigation on flowering characteristics and diversity of flower-visiting insects for loquat in the Yuanjiang River dry-hot valley |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 枇杷 泌蜜规律 中华蜜蜂 访花昆虫 环境因子 |
| 英文关键词:Eriobotrya japonica nectar secretion pattern Apis cerana cerana flower-visiting insect environmental factor |
| 基金项目:国家蜂产业技术体系（CARS-44-SYZ14）；农业农村部蜂业质量提升行动2022；云南省科技人才与平台计划（202405AD350070） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 枇杷是地处元江干热河谷元阳县的重要经济作物，为了系统评价枇杷访花昆虫的种类及其授粉性能，探究利用蜜蜂为枇杷授粉助力产业提质增效的可能性，本研究对该地区枇杷的开花泌蜜规律及访花昆虫多样性进行调查。在元阳县南沙镇千亩枇杷连片种植区，调查了枇杷的花部结构、花期、泌蜜规律、访花昆虫多样性及优势种的访花行为。结果表明：一天中9:00、11:00、13:00、15:00和17:00的5个时段枇杷单花泌蜜量具有极显著差异（P<0.01），分别为（12.42 ± 1.05） μL、（12.75 ± 0.85） μL、（9.24 ± 0.82） μL、（5.25 ± 0.62） μL和（4.81 ± 0.63 ）μL，随时间的推移逐渐减少；5个时段花蜜浓度具有显著差异（P<0.05），分别为（23.33 ± 1.53）%、（24.31 ± 1.01）%、（28.07 ± 2.91）%、（36.90 ± 3.99）%、（30.25 ± 5.53）%，呈现先升高后下降的趋势，其中15:00花蜜浓度最高。本研究共调查到4种访问枇杷花的昆虫，其中中华蜜蜂Apis cerana cerana优势度为0.8533，为优势种，其访花频率为（4.00 ± 0.65）朵/min，单花停留时间为（10.03 ± 0.50） s。引入为枇杷授粉的中蜂群，出巢、归巢、携粉工蜂的数量与枇杷单花泌蜜量、花蜜浓度呈现出极显著相关性，与温度、湿度、光照度相关性不显著，中蜂访花高峰期比出巢延迟。中蜂是枇杷花期优势访花昆虫，在果园花期引入人工饲养的中华蜜蜂群能有效增加访花昆虫数量，有利于枇杷传粉，为枇杷规模化种植提供更好的授粉服务。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Loquat is an important economic crop of Yuanyang County, where is in the dry-hot valley of the Yuanjiang River. In order to systematically evaluate the species and pollination performance of loquat flower-visiting insects and explore the possibility of using bees as pollinators to improve the fruit quality and production efficiency, this study investigates the blooming and nectar secretion patterns of loquat, as well as the diversity of flower-visiting insects in the region. In the large-scale loquat planting area in Nansha Town, Yuanyang County, we examined the floral structure, flowering period, nectar secretion patterns, diversity of pollinating insects, and flower-visiting behavior of the dominant species. The results showed that the nectar secretion volume of individual loquat flowers varied significantly among five time points throughout the day: 9:00, 11:00, 13:00, 15:00, and 17:00, with respective averages of (12.42 ± 1.05) μL, (12.75 ± 0.85) μL, (9.24 ± 0.82) μL, (5.25 ± 0.62) μL, and (4.81 ± 0.63) μL, showing a gradual decreased over time. The nectar concentration at these five time points also showed significant differences, with values of (23.33 ± 1.53) %, (24.31 ± 1.01) %, (28.07 ± 2.91) %, (36.90 ± 3.99) %, and (30.25 ± 5.53) %, respectively, following a pattern of first increasing and then decreasing, peaking at 15:00. This study identified four species of insects visiting loquat flowers. Among them, Apis cerana cerana had a dominance index of 0.8533, which was the dominant species; its flower visitation frequency was (4.00 ± 0.65) flowers/min and an average stay time was (10.03 ± 0.50) per flower. Introducing A. cerana cerana colonies for loquat pollination, number of honey bees leaving the hive, returning to the hive, and carrying pollen showed a significant correlation with the nectar volume and nectar concentration of individual loquat flowers, but not with temperature, humidity or illumination. The peak period of visiting flowers occurred later than that of leaving the hive. As the dominant visiting insect during the flowering period of loquat, the introduction of artificially reared A. cerana cerana colonies in orchards during the flowering period can effectively increase the number of visiting insects, facilitate loquat pollination, and provide pollination services for large-scale planting of loquat. |
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