| 杨 灿，李乾欢，石佳欣，温迪岚，潘成涛，李 娟，万 顺，张子健，廖今楠，龙见坤,2025,梵净山自然保护区中华蜜蜂种群形态多样性研究[J].环境昆虫学报,(4):1185-1201 |
| 梵净山自然保护区中华蜜蜂种群形态多样性研究 |
| Comparative study on morphological diversity of Apis cerana cerana populations in the Fanjing Mountain National Nature Reserve |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 自然保护区 中华蜜蜂 种群 形态差异 色型分析 |
| 英文关键词:Nature Reserve Apis cerana cerana population morphological differences color pattern analysis |
| 基金项目:“梵净山蜜蜂物种多样性调查”政府采购项目（校内编号No. 2024520103000380） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为揭示梵净山国家级自然保护区中华蜜蜂Apis cerana cerana种群的形态多样性及其与地理分布的关系，本研究通过形态指标分析，旨在为保护区内的中蜂种质资源保护和优良蜂种筛选提供科学依据。本研究以梵净山国家级自然保护区内中华蜜蜂为研究对象，在保护区内选取21个不同样点种群进行调查研究，并对其39个形态指标比较分析。结果显示，梵净山保护区境内中华蜜蜂在不同种群间均存在一定的差异，其中喙长、右前翅长、肘脉指数、第三背板长、第四背板黑色绒毛带宽度等差异明显；该保护区中蜂的唇基和小盾片Sc区色型最丰富，上唇色型单一（仅5级），小盾片Sc区以7~8级偏黄色型为主占85.78%，KB区以4~6级中度偏黄色型为主占61.75%。腹部背板色型以8-7-7组合为主，其中第2背板偏黄色型占比达91.57%；主成分分析提取到2个主成分因素，累计解释51.41%的变异，因素1与采集能力、蜜蜡分泌相关的形态指标关联密切；因素2与体型大小和色型深浅相关；聚类分析得出梵净山21个不同样点种群可分为两大类，第一类集中分布于梵净山东北及北部，出现了明显的地理分布规律，其余区域聚为另一类，贵州大学教学实验场中蜂为一类；印江地区（样点19、18）表现出较强的生产能力，松桃和江口地区（样点15、9、8、1）蜂群体型较大、飞翔能力强，可作为优良种质资源重点保护。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To reveal the morphological diversity of the Apis cerana cerana population in the Mount Fanjing National Nature Reserve and its relationship with geographical distribution, this study aims to provide a scientific basis for the conservation of germplasm resources and the screening of superior honeybee strains through morphological indicator analysis. The research focused on A. cerana cerana within the Mount Fanjing National Nature Reserve, investigating 21 different sample populations and conducting a comparative analysis of 39 morphological indicators.The results showed that there were certain differences among the A. cerana cerana populations in the Mount Fanjing Reserve, with significant variations in proboscis length, right forewing length, cubital index, the length of the third tergite, and the width of the black hair band on the fourth tergite. The reserve's honeybees exhibited the richest color patterns in the clypeus and scutellar Sc region, while the upper lip color pattern was relatively uniform (only grade 5). The scutellar Sc region was predominantly grades 7-8 (85.78%), with a yellowish hue, and the KB region was mainly grades 4-6 (61.75%), showing a moderately yellowish hue. The abdominal tergite color pattern was predominantly 8-7-7, with the second tergite displaying a yellowish hue in 91.57% of the samples. Principal component analysis extracted two principal components, cumulatively explaining 51.41% of the variation. Factor 1 was closely associated with morphological indicators related to foraging ability and wax secretion, while Factor 2 was related to body size and color intensity. Cluster analysis divided the 21 sample populations into two major categories: the first category was mainly distributed in the northeastern and northern parts of Mount Fanjing, showing a clear geographical distribution pattern, while the remaining regions clustered into another category. The honeybees from the Guizhou University experimental field formed a separate group. The honeybees from Yinjiang (samples 19 and 18) exhibited strong production capabilities, while those from Songtao and Jiangkou (samples 15, 9, 8, and 1) had larger body sizes and strong flight abilities, making them potential candidates for superior germplasm resource conservation. |
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