| 元 静，秦文权，尹玉婷，刘瑞雪，徐派克，李刚华,2025,黄翅大白蚁菌圃提取工艺及其提取物抗氧化活性初步探究[J].环境昆虫学报,(4):1177-1184 |
| 黄翅大白蚁菌圃提取工艺及其提取物抗氧化活性初步探究 |
| Preliminary investigation of the extraction process and antioxidant activity of extracts from fungus garden of Macrotermes barneyi Light |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 黄翅大白蚁 菌圃 抗氧化 提取工艺 超声提取 |
| 英文关键词:Macrotermes barneyi Light fungus garden antioxidation extraction process ultrasonic extraction |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金（31601891）；湖北省自然科学基金（2023AFB1005）；水利部白蚁防治重点实验室开放研究基金（IWHR-2024TE003）；湖北省食用野生植物保育与利用重点实验室基金（EWPL202408） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 黄翅大白蚁Macrotermes barneyi Light是我国南方广泛分布的培菌白蚁，其菌圃主要由菌丝、泥土和经白蚁消化的部分植物纤维所组成，营养丰富，是开发新型保健中药制剂的潜在药源。然而，迄今为止尚不清楚如何高效提取黄翅大白蚁菌圃的活性成分，最大化其抗氧化能力。本研究以黄翅大白蚁菌圃为原料，采用ABTS自由基清除法比较了不同提取料液比（1∶4、1∶5、1∶10、1∶15、1∶20、1∶25（g/mL））、超声时间（5 min、10 min、20 min、30 min、40 min）和超声功率（201.5 W、305.5 W、403 W、500.5 W、598 W）下菌圃提取液的抗氧化能力，并通过正交设计法优化黄翅大白蚁菌圃提取液的超声提取工艺。结果表明，黄翅大白蚁菌圃提取液的ABTS自由基清除能力随提取料液比的变小而降低，料液比为1∶4（g/mL）和1∶5（g/mL）时黄翅大白蚁菌圃提取液的ABTS自由基清除能力无显著性差异；黄翅大白蚁菌圃提取液的ABTS自由基清除能力随超声时间的延长先升高再降低，呈钟型曲线模式，在20 min时ABTS自由基清除能力最强，清除率达到38.75%；黄翅大白蚁菌圃提取液的ABTS自由基清除能力随超声功率的增大先升高后降低，呈钟型曲线模式，在超声功率为305.5 W时ABTS自由基清除能力最强，清除率达到20.28%。正交试验结果表明，影响黄翅大白蚁菌圃提取液ABTS自由基清除率的因素由大到小依次为：料液比>超声功率>超声时间，筛选得到的最佳提取工艺为：料液比1∶5（g/mL）、超声时间10 min、超声功率403 W，在最优提取工艺下，黄翅大白蚁菌圃提取液的ABTS自由基清除率高达44.33%。本研究探究了提取料液比、超声时间和超声功率对黄翅大白蚁菌圃的抗氧化能力影响，并明确了黄翅大白蚁菌圃的最佳提取工艺，未来可进一步分析黄翅大白蚁菌圃的活性功能成分，解析其抗氧化机理，为科学利用白蚁菌圃提供理论基础。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Macrotermes barneyi Light, a fungus-growing termite widely distributed in southern China, cultivates fungus gardens composed mainly of fungal mycelia, soil, and partially digested plant fibers. These fungus gardens are nutrient-rich and represent a potential medicinal resource for developing novel health-promoting traditional Chinese medicine formulations. However, efficient extraction methods to maximize the antioxidant activity of M. barneyi fungus gardens remain unclear. In this study, fungus gardens were used as raw material, and the ABTS radical scavenging assay was employed to compare the antioxidant capacity of extracts obtained under different solid-liquid ratios (1∶4, 1∶5, 1∶10, 1∶15, 1∶20, 1∶25 (g/mL) , ultrasonic time (5 min, 10 min, 20 min, 30 min, 40 min) and ultrasonic power (201.5 W, 305.5 W, 403 W, 500.5 W, 598 W). An orthogonal experimental design was used to optimize the ultrasonic extraction process. The results showed that the ABTS free radical scavenging capacity decreased with the decrease with a lower solid-liquid ratio. No significant difference was observed between the ratios of 1∶4 and 1∶5 g/mL. The scavenging capacity increased and then decreased with prolonged ultrasonic time, showing a bell-shaped trend, with the highest scavenging rate (38.75%) at 20 min. Similarly, scavenging capacity increased and then decreased with increasing ultrasonic power, peaking at 305.5 W with a scavenging rate of 20.28%. Orthogonal analysis indicated that the factors affecting ABTS radical scavenging capacity ranked in the order: solid-liquid ratio > ultrasonic power > ultrasonic time. The optimal extraction conditions were determined as a solid-liquid ratio of 1∶5 g/mL, ultrasonic time of 10 min, and ultrasonic power of 403 W, under which the ABTS radical scavenging rate reached 44.33%. This study shows that the effects of extraction parameters on the antioxidant activity of M. barneyi fungus gardens and identifies optimal conditions for ultrasonic extraction, providing a theoretical basis for the scientific utilization of termite fungus gardens and laying the groundwork for future studies on their active constituents and antioxidant mechanisms. |
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