《环境昆虫学报》

橘小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis是果蔬重要害虫，成虫诱杀是防治该害虫的方法之一，但绿色高效的实蝇诱剂目前仍然缺乏。因此，本研究基于橘小实蝇肠道共生物宏转录组测序结果，筛选具有活性的优势真菌，通过吸引和产卵选择试验，测定其对橘小实蝇的引诱效果。同时，通过对比酵母菌混合发酵果浆与商品化聪绿饵剂、果瑞特的引诱效果，明确优势真菌对橘小实蝇的引诱作用。结果表明：葡萄有孢汉逊酵母Hanseniaspora uvarum和克鲁维毕赤酵母Pichia kluyveri为橘小实蝇肠道优势真菌，这两种酵母菌对橘小实蝇成虫的引诱效果均显著高于对照组，且二者均能引诱橘小实蝇雌虫产卵。两种酵母菌的混合发酵果浆与聪绿饵剂相比，对成虫均有显著引诱效果；与果瑞特相比，混合发酵果浆对性未成熟成虫及性成熟雄虫有显著引诱作用。综上，优势真菌葡萄有孢汉逊酵母和克鲁维毕赤酵母均对橘小实蝇有引诱效果，且混合发酵果浆对橘小实蝇的引诱效果优于聪绿饵剂和果瑞特诱杀剂。研究结果为研发实蝇诱剂、促进实蝇类害虫的监测和防控提供参考。

英文摘要:

Bactrocera dorsalis is a serious insect pest infesting fruits and vegetables. Attract-and-kill adults is one of the control strategies against this pest. However, there have been few efficient and eco-friendly attractants for the control of fruit fly pests up to now. As a result, we conducted metatranscriptomics analysis of B. dorsalis to identify active fungi. The attractiveness of yeast-fermented fruit pulp to B. dorsalis was evaluated through attraction and oviposition bioassays. Meantime, the lure capacity of dominant yeast strain fermented products on B. dorsalis was compared with that of commercially available baits, Smartgreen and Great. The results showed that the dominant fungi, Hanseniaspora uvarum and Pichia kluyveri, attracted significantly more B. dorsalis than that of the control group. The yeasts also stimulated female B. dorsalis laying eggs. Moreover, the mixed yeast-fermented pulp exhibited a significantly higher lure effect on adults of B. dorsalis compared to Smartgreen. While contrasting to Great, the mixed yeast-fermented pulp had a significant luring effect on sexual immature adults as well as sexual mature males. These findings indicated that H. uvarum and P. kluyveri were attractive to B. dorsalis, and the mixed yeast-fermented pulp was more effective targeting B. dorsalis than that of Smartgreen and Great. This study provides basis for developing microbial attractants for the monitoring and control of tephritid fruit fly pests.

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