《环境昆虫学报》

台湾乳白蚁Coptotermes formosanus是广泛分布于全球亚热带和温带地区的食木害虫，主要危害各种木质结构和林木。由于台湾乳白蚁造成的巨大经济损失和破坏，近年来受到学界高度关注。深入了解台湾乳白蚁生物学是防治的基础，本文系统综述了2000年以来发表的相关论文。台湾乳白蚁的全球分布是由东亚多次引进和桥头堡效应共同造成的，随着全球气候的变化，预计其适宜分布范围还将不断增加。由于台湾乳白蚁的觅食、挖掘和交哺等行为与其化学防治（饵剂法和化学屏障法）紧密相关，得到了较为深入的研究。近年来，一系列具有踪迹、聚集、挖掘和诱食活性的信息化合物被成功鉴定和筛选，也为诱杀台湾乳白蚁提供了新的思路和方向。由于台湾乳白蚁对病原微生物具有免疫应答和行为抗性，其生物防治的研究一度陷入僵局，但RNA干扰等技术能够抑制台湾乳白蚁的抗病机制，有望在不久的未来开发出新的防治技术。此外，台湾乳白蚁也与木腐菌、蓝变真菌和木霉菌等环境微生物，以及原生鞭毛虫、细菌、古细菌和病毒等肠道微生物具有复杂的相互作用。台湾乳白蚁具有两个独立但互补的纤维素降解系统，一个是由自身产生的纤维素酶构成的内源纤维素降解系统，另一个是由后肠的共生微生物构成的外源性纤维素降解系统，其高效降解木质纤维素的能力对生物质能研究具有重要的启发意义。

英文摘要:

The Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus, is a wood-feeding pest widely distributed in subtropical and temperate regions of the world, mainly damaging various wooden structures and trees. Due to the massive economic losses and damage caused by C. formosanus, it has drawn significant academic attention in recent years. The understanding of C. formosanus biology is the basis for developing control methods. Here, we systematically reviewed papers about C. formosanus biology published since 2000. The global distribution of C. formosanus is caused by multiple introductions from East Asia and the bridgehead effect, and its suitable distribution range may expand due to global climate changes. C. formosanus behaviors such as foraging, tunneling, and trophallaxis closely associated with chemical control methods (i.e., baiting and chemical barrier) have been intensively researched. In addition, a series of semiochemicals with trail-following, aggregating, tunneling, and phagostimulatory activities have been successfully identified and screened, providing new insights to lure and kill C. formosanus. Due to the immune response and behavioral resistance of C. formosanus against entomopathogens, the research on biological control of termites has been stalled. However, technologies such as RNA interference are expected to suppress the disease resistance of C. formosanus and may bring new control technologies. In addition, C. formosanus has complex interactions with environmental microorganisms such as wood-decaying, blue-staining, and Trichoderma fungi, as well as gut microorganisms such as protozoan flagellates, bacteria, archaea, and viruses. C. formosanus has two independent but complementary cellulose degradation systems - the endogenous cellulose degradation system composed of cellulase produced by termites and the exogenous cellulose degradation system composed of symbiotic microorganisms. Its ability to efficiently degrade lignocellulose has important implications for biomass energy research.

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