| 杨 丹，王 同，庄义庆，徐寸发，孙以文，张牧焓,2025,黄粉虫的营养评价和安全风险评估[J].环境昆虫学报,(2):613-620 |
| 黄粉虫的营养评价和安全风险评估 |
| Nutritional value and safety risk assessment of the yellow mealworm Tenebrio molitor L. |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 黄粉虫 幼虫 虫蛹 营养成分 |
| 英文关键词:Tenebrio molitor larvae pupa nutritional components |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金（32372406） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了更好地开发利用黄粉虫Tenebrio molitor，通过测定干燥的黄粉虫幼虫和虫蛹的营养成分，分析氨基酸质量和脂肪酸组成，评估幼虫和虫蛹的食用安全性，并将幼虫和虫蛹与常见食物的营养含量进行比较分析，以评价黄粉虫的营养价值及评估其安全风险。结果表明：黄粉虫幼虫和虫蛹具有高蛋白质（含量分别为43.8%和48.0%），高脂肪（含量分别为31.2%和20.9%），有机物质、矿物质和维生素含量丰富等特点；两者的氨基酸组成一致，配比合理，均含17种氨基酸（色氨酸未测），总氨基酸含量分别为443.59 mg/g和233.09 mg/g，必需氨基酸占总氨基酸含量的38.08%和37.82%，必需氨基酸指数分别为1.06和0.49；两者分别含有9种和8种脂肪酸，以不饱和脂肪酸为主，分别为80.36%和79.99%，必需脂肪酸分别为38.80%和37.84%，饱和脂肪酸和脂肪酸的比值分别为4.09和3.99；两者含丰富的矿物质元素和维生素，其中钾元素含量最高，分别为7 286.5 mg/kg和7 399.0 mg/kg，铅、砷、汞元素含量均未超标，符合食用国家安全标准；维生素以B族维生素含量最高，总量分别为5 099.0 mg/kg和5 338.9 mg/kg。综上，黄粉虫具有较高的营养价值，不存在重金属含量超标的风险，具有食用及多途径开发的价值。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To better exploit and utilize?Tenebrio molitor?(Yellow mealworms), we evaluated the nutritional composition and food safety of dried larvae and pupae to analyze their nutritional components, amino acid profiles, fatty acid composition, and compared them with common foods to evaluate their nutritional value and safety risk. The results showed that both larvae and pupae exhibited high protein content (43.8% and 48.0%, respectively), high fat content (31.2% and 20.9%, respectively), and rich organic matter, minerals, and vitamins. The amino acid composition of both was the same, and the ratio was reasonable. Both of them contained 17 amino acids (tryptophan not measured), with total amino acid contents of 443.59 mg/g (larvae) and 233.09 mg/g (pupae). Essential amino acids accounted for 38.08% and 37.82% of total amino acids, with essential amino acid indices of 1.06 and 0.49, respectively. Larvae and pupae contained 9 and 8 types of fatty acids, dominated by unsaturated fatty acids (80.36% and 79.99%). Both of them were comprised of 38.80% and 37.84% essential fatty acids, with saturated-to-unsaturated fatty acid ratios of 4.09 and 3.99. Both were rich in mineral elements and vitamins, where potassium was the most abundant mineral (7286.5 mg/kg in larvae; 7399.0 mg/kg in pupae). Heavy metals (lead, arsenic, mercury) complied with national food safety standards. The content of B vitamins was the highest, with total amounts of 5099.0 mg/kg and 5338.9 mg/kg, respectively. In conclusion, yellow mealworms?demonstrates high nutritional value without risk of excessive heavy metal content, and holds significant potential for dietary and multi-purpose applications. |
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