| 钟 锦，潘文泽，蒋胜兰，户艳霞，杨光源，张 轲，夏振远，陈 斌,2025,烟田显花植物上访花节肢动物群落组成及优势种的活动规律[J].环境昆虫学报,(2):491-503 |
| 烟田显花植物上访花节肢动物群落组成及优势种的活动规律 |
| Community composition and activity rhythm of dominant flower-visiting arthropods from different flowering plants in flue-cured tobacco fields |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 显花植物 访花昆虫 节肢动物群落 种群动态 活动节律 |
| 英文关键词:Flowering plants flower-visiting insect arthropod community population dynamics activity rhythm |
| 基金项目:中国烟草总公司云南省公司（2022530000241019）；中国烟草总公司（110202101049（LS-09）） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究烟田不同显花植物上访花节肢动物群落组成及优势种的活动规律，采用目测、扫网以及其它调查方法对烟田6种显花植物上访花节肢动物种类组成及访花特点进行了调查研究。结果显示：万寿菊Tagetes erecta、紫花苕Vicia villosa、荞麦Fagopyrum esculentum、香雪球Lobularia maritima、白车轴草Tifolium repense和木茼蒿Argyranthemum frutescens上访花节肢动物分别有8目34科44种、9目36科50种、7目37科53种、8目38科55种、7目17科19种、8目38科54种；优势种分别为西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis、绿盲蝽Apolygus lucorum、南方小花蝽Orius similis、荻草谷网蚜Sitobion miscanthi、家蝇Musca domestica、短腹管蚜蝇Eristalis arbustorum、菜蝽Eurydema dominulus、黄曲条跳甲Phyllotreta striolata和丝光小长蝽Nysius thymi。各优势种在不同显花植物上的发生高峰、活动规律和访花特点不同。优势天敌短腹管蚜蝇和南方小花蝽在香雪球和万寿菊上访花数量比例最大，分别为13.52%和12.35%。万寿菊和香雪球盛花期时，短腹管蚜蝇和南方小花蝽分别在10:00-13:00和12:00-14:00出现访花高峰，并且访花频率最大，分别为2.56头/min和1.49头/min。香雪球和万寿菊对短腹管蚜蝇和南方小花蝽等天敌昆虫具有较强的吸引作用，不但吸引数量最多，每次访花停留时间较长，且访花频率亦最高。这一发现为生物防治烟田主要害虫烟蚜和西花蓟马提供了理论基础。综上所述，在烟田的生态系统中，种植香雪球和万寿菊等植物可以作为天敌的良好载体。在烟田种植香雪球和万寿菊等植物可以有效地增加短腹管蚜蝇和南方小花蝽等天敌昆虫的蓄积，从而实现对烟田主要害虫烟蚜和西花蓟马的生物防治作用。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To explore the composition of visiting flower arthropod communities and the activity rhythm of dominant species on different flowering plants in tobacco fields, we conducted a study using visual observation, sweep netting, and other survey methods to investigate the species composition and visiting characteristics of flower-visiting arthropods on six species of flowering plants in tobacco fields. The results showed that there were 44 flower-visiting arthropods from 34 families in 8 orders on Tagetes erecta, 50 species from 36 families in 9 orders on Vicia villosa, 53 species from 37 families in 7 orders on Fagopyrum esculentum, 55 species from 38 families in 8 orders on Lobularia maritima, 19 species from 17 families in 7 orders on Tifolium repense, and 54 species from 38 families in 8 orders on Argyranthemum frutescens. The dominant species were Frankliniella occidentalis, Apolygus lucorum, Orius similis, Sitobion miscanthi, Musca domestica, Eristalis arbustorum, Eurydema dominulus, Phyllotreta striolata, and Nysius thymi. The occurrence peak, activity rhythm, and behavioral characteristics of each dominant species on different flowering plants were distinct. The main predators, E. arbustorum and O. similis, were found to have the highest visitation proportions on L. maritima (13.52%) and T. erecta (12.35%) respectively. During the peak flowering period of T. erecta and L. maritima, there were visitation peaks of E. arbustorum and O. similis from 10:00 to 13:00 and 12:00 to 14:00 respectively, with the highest visitation frequencies of 2.56 and 1.49 individuals/min respectively. L. maritima and T. erecta had a strong attractive effect on natural enemies such as E. arbustorum and O. similis, not only attracting the most individuals, but also keeping them on the flowers for a longer time with the highest visitation frequency. This finding provides a theoretical basis for the biological control of major tobacco pests such as tobacco aphids and western flower thrips. In conclusion, planting plants such as L. maritima and T. erecta in the ecological system of tobacco fields can serve as excellent carriers for natural enemies. By planting these plants in tobacco fields, it is effective to increase the accumulation of natural enemies such as E. arbustorum and O. similis, thereby achieving the biological control of major tobacco pests such as tobacco aphids and western flower thrips. |
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