《环境昆虫学报》

为了揭示中国细长蚁属Tetraponera物种的生态位分化，依据过去30年里积累的我国细长蚁属物种的标本、生态和地理分布数据，研究了该属物种的区系和分布格局，合计发现中国细长蚁属物种13个。该属物种在全球动物地理区划中具有典型东洋界特征，在中国动物地理区划中具有典型华南区特征。分布格局研究显示，云南省细长蚁属的物种最丰富，飘细长蚁T. allaborans（Walker，1859）是生态适应幅度和生态位最宽的物种，而显赫细长蚁T. notabilis Ward，2001是生态适应幅度和生态位最窄的物种；常绿阔叶林和季节性雨林中栖息的物种最丰富；该属物种主要在植物上和地表觅食。依据区系和分布格局研究结果进一步探讨了物种的生态位分化现象，发现中国细长蚁属物种在全球和中国动物地理中、在水平和垂直维度上、在栖息生境的选择上、在觅食行为方面均表现出生态位的明显分化。生态位宽度研究表明，平静细长蚁T. modesta（Smith，1860）的生态位最宽，显赫细长蚁和尖唇细长蚁T. protensa Xu & Chai，2004生态位最窄。11类生境中各物种的生态位宽度均偏大，表明细长蚁属物种在11类生境中群落较为稳定，适应能力较强。利用MaxEnt模型模拟物种在当前气候条件下的潜在分布范围，预测了细长蚁属在中国的适生区域。结论认为中国细长蚁属物种生态位分化明显，地貌、气候、植被的多样化和地理隔离为该属物种的生态位分化提供了良好生态和地理条件。研究结果为我国细长蚁属物种的保护和利用提供了科学依据。

英文摘要:

To reveal the niche differentiation of the Tetraponera species in China, the fauna and distribution patterns of species of the genus were studied based on the specimens and data of ecology and geographical distribution of Tetraponera species accumulated in the past 30 years in our country. A total of 13 species of the genus were found in China. The species of the genus has a typical character of Oriental Region in the world zoogeographical division and posseses a typical character of South China Zone in the Chinese zoogeographical division. It was revealed by the study of distribution patterns that species of the genus were most abundant in Yunnan Province. In addition, T. allaborans (Walker, 1859) had the widest ecological adaptation range and niche. Meanwhile, T. notabilis Ward, 2001 had the narrowest ecological adaptation range and niche. Species of the genus were most abundant in evergreen broadleaf forest and seasonal rainforest, which mainly foraged on plants and on the surface of the ground. The niche differentiation of species was further probed based on the results of faunal and distribution patterns, and it was found that all the species of the genus in China showed obvious niche differentiation in global and Chinese zoogeography, in the horizontal and vertical dimensions, in habitat selection, and in foraging behavior. The research on niche width showed that T. modesta (Smith, 1860) had the widest ecological niche, and T. notabilis Ward, 2001 and T. protensa Xu & Chai, 2004 had the narrowest ecological niche. The niche width of species in the 11 habitat types was generally large, and it showed that the community of Tetraponera species was relatively stable and had strong adaptability in the 11 habitat types. The suitable area for Tetraponera in China was predicted by using the MaxEnt model to simulate the potential distribution range of species under current climate conditions. The conclusion is that the niche differentiation of the Tetraponera species in China is obvious, the diverse landscape, climate, vegetation and geographical isolation having provided a good ecological and geographical condition for niche differentiation of the species of the genus. The results have provided a scientific basis for the protection and utilization of the Tetraponera species in our country.

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